Software Vault: The Gold Collection/Software Vault - The Gold Collection (American Databankers) (1993).ISO/cdr11/gnujun93.zip/GNUJUN93.TXT

Internet Message Format | 1993-07-04 | 134KB

From: [e-mail]
Newsgroups: gnu.announce
Subject: June 1993 GNU's Bulletin
Date: 29 Jun 1993 08:26:45 -0400
Organization: Project GNU, Free Software Foundation,
    675 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA  02139-3309, USA   [phone]
Reply-To: [e-mail]

Here is the ascii version of the latest GNU's Bulletin, which was
first distributed at the June 93 Usenix in Cincinnati, OH.  This ascii
version is essentially the same as the printed version except for
typography, a few graphics, a few corrections and a few additions.

Please freely redistribute this text to other forums under the term of the
Copyright Notice below.

If you would like a hardcopy, send your request to the FSF address below
(including a small donation to cover copying costs is appreciated, but is not
required).  If you live in an area served by the US Post Office, please also
include a SASE (Self-Addressed Stamped ($0.52) Number 10 or A5 sized
Envelope).  If you're from outside the USA, sending a mailing label rather
than an envelope, and enough International Reply Coupons for a package of
about 100 grams is appreciated but not required.  (Including a few extra
International Reply Coupons for copying costs is also appreciated.)

thanx -len

Member of the League for Programming Freedom.
Ask <[e-mail]> via e-mail for information.

---------------------------------------------------------------------


GNU's Bulletin                         June, 1993


       The GNU's Bulletin is the semi-annual newsletter of the
     Free Software Foundation, bringing you news about the GNU Project.

Free Software Foundation, Inc.              Telephone: [phone]
675 Massachusetts Avenue
Cambridge, MA    02139-3309
USA                 Electronic mail: `[e-mail]'



Contents
--------

    GNU's Who
    GNU's Bulletin
    What Is the Free Software Foundation?
    What Is Copyleft?
    Free Software Support
       Hundred Acre Consulting Expands
    Donations Translate Into Free Software
       Cygnus Matches Donations!
    OCEAN Integrated-Circuit Design System
    Informal ``GCC Consortium''
    GNUs Flashes
    Moscow Free Software Conference
    LPF Files Amicus Brief
    What Is the LPF?
    Project GNU Wish List
    The Text Software Initiative
    Free Information Sources
    Free Software and GNU in Japan
    Project GNU Status Report
    GNU Documentation
    GNU Software Available Now
       Contents of the Emacs Tape
       Contents of the Scheme Tape
       Contents of the Languages Tape
       Contents of the Utilities Tape
       Contents of the Experimental Tape
       Contents of the X11 Tapes
       Berkeley Networking 2 Tape
       VMS Emacs and Compiler Tapes
    Tape Subscription Service
    How to Get GNU Software
    GNU Source Code CD-ROM
    The Deluxe Distribution
    MS-DOS Distribution
       Contents of the Demacs diskettes
       Contents of the DJGPP diskettes
       Contents of the Selected Utilities diskettes
       Contents of the Windows diskette
    Free Software for Microcomputers
    FSF T-shirt
    Thank GNUs
    Free Software Foundation Order Form



GNU's Who
*********

Michael Bushnell is still working on the GNU Hurd and maintains GNU `tar'.
Jim Blandy has prepared GNU Emacs 19.  Roland McGrath is polishing the GNU C
library, maintaining GNU `make' and helping with the GNU Hurd.

Tom Lord is working on Oleo, the GNU spreadsheet, as well as Rx, a faster
replacement for regex.    Jan Brittenson is working on the C interpreter.
Mike Haertel is making GNU `grep' POSIX-compliant and beginning work on
optical character recognition.    Noah Friedman is our system ambiguator,
release uncoordinator and maintains a few GNU programs in his copious spare
time.

Carl Hoffman has hopped aboard as fundraiser and conference organizer.
Melissa Weisshaus is now in charge of Publications.  She is currently editing
new editions of our documentation and working on the `GNU Utilities Manual'.

Lisa `Opus' Goldstein has been promoted to Treasurer, after the resignation
of Robert J. Chassell who had been our Secretary/Treasurer since FSF was
formed 7 years ago; Bob is now writing his `Introduction to Programming in
Emacs Lisp' and remains on our Board of Directors.  Larissa Carlson is Lisa's
new office assistant; Gena Lynne Bean has left us to further her education.
Spike MacPhee assists RMS with administrative tasks.  Charles Hannum works on
typesetting and many other jobs.

Richard Stallman continues as a volunteer who does countless tasks such as C
compiler maintenance.  Volunteer Len Tower remains our on-line JOAT
(jack-of-all-trades), handling mailing lists and gnUSENET, information
requests, etc.



GNU's Bulletin
**************

Written and Edited by: Jan Brittenson, Melissa Weisshaus, Noah S. Friedman,
       Charles Hannum, Richard Stallman and Leonard H. Tower Jr.

Illustrations by: Etienne Suvasa and Jamal Hannah

Japanese Edition by: Mieko Hikichi and Nobuyuki Hikichi

The GNU's Bulletin is published in January and June of each year.  Please note
that there is no postal mailing list.  To get a copy, send your name and
address with your request to the address on the front page.  Enclosing a
business sized self-addressed stamped envelope ($0.52) and/or a donation of a
few dollars is appreciated but not required.  If you're from outside the USA,
sending a mailing label rather than an envelope and enough International Reply
Coupons for a package of about 100 grams is appreciated but not required.
(Including a few extra International Reply Coupons for copying costs is also
appreciated.)

Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies of this
document, in any medium, provided that the copyright notice and permission
notice are preserved and that the distributor grants the recipient permission
for further redistribution as permitted by this notice.



What Is the Free Software Foundation?
*************************************

The Free Software Foundation is dedicated to eliminating restrictions on
people's abilities and rights to copy, redistribute, understand and modify
computer programs.  We do this by promoting the development and use of free
software in all areas of computer use.    Specifically, we are putting together
a complete integrated software system named "GNU" (GNU's Not Unix)
(pronounced "guh-new") that will be upwardly compatible with Unix.  Most
parts of this system are already working and we are distributing them now.

The word "free" in our name pertains to freedom, not price.  You may or may
not pay money to get GNU software.  Either way, you have two specific freedoms
once you have the software: first, the freedom to copy the program and give it
away to your friends and co-workers; and second, the freedom to change the
program as you wish, by having full access to source code.  Furthermore, you
can study the source and learn how such programs are written.  You may then be
able to port it, improve it and share your changes with others.     If you
redistribute GNU software, you may charge a fee for the physical act of
transferring a copy, or you may give away copies.

Other organizations distribute whatever free software happens to be available.
By contrast, the Free Software Foundation concentrates on the development of
new free software, working towards a GNU system complete enough to eliminate
the need for you to purchase a proprietary system.

Besides developing GNU, FSF distributes copies of GNU software and manuals
for a distribution fee, and accepts tax-deductible gifts to support GNU
development.  Most of FSF's funds come from its distribution service.  We are
tax exempt; you can deduct donations to us on your U.S. tax returns.

The Officers of the Foundation are: Richard M. Stallman, President; and
Lisa Goldstein, Treasurer/Secretary.  The Foundation Board of Directors are:
Richard M. Stallman, Gerald J. Sussman, Harold Abelson, Robert J. Chassell,
and Leonard H. Tower Jr.



What Is Copyleft?
*****************

The simplest way to make a program free is to put it in the public domain,
uncopyrighted.    But this allows anyone to copyright and restrict its use
against the author's wishes, thus denying others the right to access and
freely redistribute it.     This completely perverts the original intent.

To prevent this, we copyright our software in a novel manner.  Typical
software companies use copyrights to take away your freedoms.  We use the
"copyleft" to preserve them.  It is a legal instrument that requires those
who pass on the program to include the rights to further redistribute it, and
to see and change the code; the code and rights become legally inseparable.

The copyleft used by the GNU Project is made from a combination of a regular
copyright notice and the "GNU General Public License" (GPL).  The GPL is a
copying license which basically says that you have the freedoms discussed
above.    An alternate form, the "GNU Library General Public License" (LGPL),
applies to certain GNU Libraries.  This license permits linking the libraries
into proprietary executables under certain conditions.    The appropriate
license is included in all GNU source code distributions and in many of our
manuals.  We will also send you a printed copy upon request.



Free Software Support
*********************

The Free Software Foundation does not provide any technical support.
Although we create software, we leave it to others to earn a living providing
support.  We see programmers as providing a service, much as doctors and
lawyers now do; both medical and legal knowledge are freely redistributable
entities for which the practitioners charge a distribution and service fee.

We maintain a list of people who offer support and other consulting services,
called the GNU Service Directory.  It is in the file `etc/SERVICE' in the GNU
Emacs distribution, `SERVICE' in the GCC distribution and
`/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/SERVICE' on anonymous FTP host `prep.ai.mit.edu'.  Contact
us if you would like a printed copy or wish to be listed in it.

If you find a deficiency in any GNU software, we want to know.    We have many
Internet mailing lists for bug reports, announcements and questions.  They
are also gatewayed into USENET news as the `gnu.*' newsgroups.    You can get a
list of these mailing lists by mailing your request to either address on the
front cover.

When we receive a bug report, we usually try to fix the problem.  While our
bug fixes may seem like individual assistance, they are not.  Our task is so
large that we must focus on that which helps the community as a whole.    We do
not have the resources to help individuals.  We may send you a patch for a
bug that helps us test the fix and ensure its quality.    If your bug report
does not evoke a solution from us, you may still get one from another user
who reads our bug report mailing lists.     Otherwise, use the Service Directory.

So, please do not ask us to help you install the software or figure out how
to use it-but do tell us how an installation script does not work or where
the documentation is unclear.

If you have no Internet access, you can get mail and USENET news via UUCP.
Contact a local UUCP site, or a commercial UUCP site such as:

    UUNET Communications Services
    3110 Fairview Park Drive - Suite 570
    Falls Church, VA   22042
    USA
    Phone: 1-800-4UUNET4 or [phone]
    Fax: [phone]
    E-mail: `[e-mail]'

A long list of commercial UUCP and Internet service providers is posted
periodically to USENET in the newsgroup `news.announce.newusers' with
`Subject: How to become a USENET site'.



Hundred Acre Consulting Expands
-------------------------------

Hundred Acre Consulting continues to provide support and development
services, with its specialty being the GNU CC and C++ compilers.  It
continues its policy of donating a percentage of its profit to the FSF.
Since we described its services just 5 months ago, it has hired 3 more people
and moved to bigger offices.  The new address is:

    Hundred Acre Consulting
    5301 Longley Lane, Suite D-144
    Reno, NV   89511
    USA
    Phone: [phone] or 1-800-245-2885
    Fax: [phone]
    E-mail: `[e-mail]'



Donations Translate Into Free Software
**************************************

If you appreciate Emacs, GNU CC, Ghostscript and other free software, you may
wish to help us make sure there is more in the future-remember, donations
translate into more free software!

Your donation to us is tax-deductible in the United States.  We gladly accept
*all* currencies, although the U.S. dollar is the most convenient.

If your employer has a matching gifts program for charitable donations,
please arrange to have your donation matched by your employer.    If you do not
know, please ask your personnel department.

    $500     $250      $100       $50       other $________

    Other currency:________

Circle the amount you are donating, cut out this form, and send it with your
donation to:

    Free Software Foundation
    675 Massachusetts Avenue
    Cambridge, MA    02139-3309
    USA



Cygnus Matches Donations!
-------------------------

To encourage cash donations to the Free Software Foundation, Cygnus Support
will match gifts by its employees, and by its customers and their employees.

Cygnus will match donations from its employees up to a maximum of $1000 per
employee, and will match donations from customers and their employees at 50%
to a maximum of $1000 per customer.  Cygnus Support will donate up to a total
of $10,000 in 1993.

Donations payable to the Free Software Foundation should be sent by eligible
persons to Cygnus Support where they will be matched and forwarded to the FSF
each quarter.  The FSF will provide the contributor with a receipt to
recognize the contribution (which is tax-deductible on U.S. tax returns).
Donations sent to the FSF directly will not be matched, except by prior
arrangement with Cygnus Support.



OCEAN Integrated-Circuit Design System
**************************************

Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands, has developed OCEAN, a
comprehensive chip design package.  It includes a full set of powerful tools
for synthesis and verification of semi-custom sea-of-gates and gate-array
chips.    OCEAN covers the back-end of the design trajectory-from circuit
level, down to layout and a working chip.

OCEAN provides interactive tools for placement, routing, simulation and
extraction, either automatically or manually guided.  It is available as free
software, with full source code, and is known to run on Linux, HP and Sun
workstations under the X Window System.     For import and export of data, it
knows about EDIF, BLIF, SLS, GDSII, CIF, SPICE and LDM.

You can obtain OCEAN by anonymous FTP from `donau.et.tudelft.nl'.  For more
information, contact `[e-mail]' on the Internet.



Informal ``GCC Consortium''
*************************

A group of companies including Intel, Motorola, Texas Instruments & Analog
Devices have pooled funds to support central maintenance of GNU CC.  The
maintenance will be coordinated by Richard Kenner of New York University.

The task of central maintenance is to take responsibility for fixing bugs,
integrating and cleaning up contributions, making releases and writing high
priority improvements.

Richard Stallman hopes this will enable him to undertake a new project.



GNUs Flashes
************

   * GNU Emacs 19 is Released!

     GNU Emacs 19 has just been released for beta-testing.  Unlike some other
     recent derivations of Emacs, GNU Emacs 19's support for character-only
     terminals continues to improve along with its much improved support for
     bitmapped displays running the X Window System.  Other new features
     include support for European character sets and floating point numbers,
     as well as source-level debugging of Emacs Lisp programs.    See "Project
     GNU Status Report" and "Contents of the Emacs Tape" for more details.

   * GCC 2 is out of beta test

     As of version 2.4.1, the GNU C Compiler version 2 is out of beta test.
     For more information, see "Contents of the Languages Tape."

   * New Manuals

     The new `GNU Emacs Manual', 8th edition, (updated for Emacs 19) and the
     new `GNU C Library Reference Manual' are now being shipped.

   * Taylor UUCP Now a Full-Fledged Replacement for Unix UUCP

     Ian Taylor, author of Taylor UUCP, has added the final pieces for it to
     be a complete free replacement for Unix UUCP.  It's on the Utilities
     Tape.

   * New Scheme Tape

     Because of its size, MIT C Scheme is now on a separate tape.  See
     "Contents of the Scheme Tape" for more information.

   * New Programs on the Languages Tape

     `p2c', DejaGnu, Tile Forth and the standalone GNU regex library have
     been added.  Details in "Contents of the Languages Tape".

   * New Programs on the Utilities Tape

     `acm', `dc', `doschk', `es', Gnats, `rc', GNU Shogi and UUCP have been
     added.  See "Contents of the Utilities Tape" for more information.

   * New programs on the Experimental Tape

     Version 2 of GAS, the GNU assembler, and Texinfo source for the `GNU C
     Library Reference Manual' have been added.     See "Contents of the
     Experimental Tape" for more information.

   * New programs on the CD-ROM

     The CD-ROM has all the new programs and changes on the tapes.  See
     "Contents of the CD-ROM" for more information.

   * Objective C Runtime System Funded

     Kresten Krab Thorup, author of the Objective C runtime system, has been
     hired as a part-time programmer for six months by the Department of
     Mathematics and Computer Science at Aalbord University, Denmark.  His
     work will serve to define the most portable and extensible tools and
     libraries for this dynamic and popular object-oriented language.

   * Dell Adopts GNU CC for Controller Software

     Dell has adopted GCC for the development of new controller software.
     Dell already uses GCC to build SVR4, and like Commodore notes improved
     performance.  Other systems based on GCC are 4.4 BSD, NetBSD, 386BSD,
     BSDI, Linux and many Mach ports including OSF/1's reference ports, NeXT
     and DG/UX.

   * Silicon Graphics, Inc Adopts GNU cpp

     SGI now ships GNU `cpp' with their C compiler.

   * Free Widget Foundation Announces Widgets

     The Free Widget Foundation (FWF) is a grass-roots, all volunteer effort
     to create a set of powerful, flexible, freely-accessible X graphical
     user-interface modules (widgets).    Since its start in 1990, the FWF
     release has grown to over 40 widgets, now used in several popular X
     applications.  The FWF is not related to the Free Software Foundation,
     but shares our goal of making high-quality software freely
     redistributable.

     For more information, contact `[e-mail]', or
     get file `/pub/FWF/README' via anonymous FTP to `a.cs.uiuc.edu'.  This
     file tells about mailing lists, locations of source code available for
     FTP, historical information about the FWF and how to volunteer for the
     organization.  Or write:

         The Free Widget Foundation
         c/o Brian Totty
         Department of Computer Science
         University of Illinois - Urbana
         1304 W. Springfield Avenue
         Urbana, IL      61801
         USA



Moscow Free Software Conference
*******************************

The International Center for Scientific and Technical Information hosted a
free software conference in Moscow, April 19-23, 1993.    Over two hundred
people attended, arriving from the Commonwealth of Independent States,
Austria, Denmark, Germany, Iran, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom
and the United States of America.

Guest of honor Richard Stallman explained why he writes free software.    Among
the topics of the conference were an Algol-68 to C converter, the Andrew User
Interface System, Coexistence in a World of New Freedoms, Efficient
Recognition of Static Search Sets with `gperf', experiences from implementing
a free Modula-2 translator, Russian Experiences from a Children's Computer
Club, the Russian SQL server currently under development, the Russian PLATON
Integrated Bank System, GNU Documentation in Russia, Linux in Education and
Free Software in Russia.  Other topics included resource organization
(databases and directories), and free software business aspects.

The conference was sponsored by PC World magazine, PC Center "Techno",
UrbanSoft Ltd. of St. Petersburg, Trading House Ostankino, KLOTO Scientific
Research, Zelenogradsky Center "Zelax" and John Goode.

Write Victor P. Ivannikov, `[e-mail]', Sergei Kuznetsov,
`[e-mail]', or Yuri P. Smirnov, `[e-mail]', to
contact GNU in Russia.    For more information about the conference, contact
Geoffrey S. Knauth, `[e-mail]'.



LPF Files Amicus Brief
**********************

The League for Programming Freedom has filed an amicus ("friend of the
court") brief to support American Multi-Systems, a small business that was
shut down by a court for violating two casino game software patents held by a
company called Fortunet.

Fortunet, which has shut down other makers of casino games in the past,
obtained a preliminary injunction restraining Vern Blanchard, the owner of
AMS, from selling or servicing a Bingo program.     The League for Programming
Freedom asked its members for prior art.  Marshall Midden and Steve Peltz
found a multi-user Bingo program that had been played on the `Plato' system
in the 1970's.    The judge, however, granted the motion on the grounds that a
time-sharing system playing Bingo is different from a networked system
playing Bingo.    Fortunet has an expert witness with an impressive resume who
is expressing the most absurd opinions.

The LPF brief argues against the validity of software patents in general and
these patents in particular.  It also argues that they do not apply to the
AMS Bingo system.  The brief has already had an effect-the judge has
scheduled a hearing to reconsider the injuction.

Fighting a patent in court is a grueling experience even if you ultimately
succeed.  The only feasible way to solve the problem of software patents is
to address the problem as a whole.  This is the main activity of the LPF.  To
succeed, it needs your support.



What Is the LPF?
****************

The League for Programming Freedom (LPF) aims to protect the freedom to write
software.  This freedom is threatened by "look-and-feel" interface copyright
lawsuits and by software patents.  The LPF does not endorse free software or
the FSF.

The League's members include programmers, entrepreneurs, students,
professors, and even software companies.

>From the League membership form:

     The League for Programming Freedom is a grass-roots organization of
     professors, students, business people, programmers, and users dedicated
     to bringing back the freedom to write programs.  The League is not
     opposed to the legal system that Congress intended-copyright on
     individual programs.  Our aim is to reverse the recent changes made by
     judges in response to special interests.

     Membership dues in the League are $42 per year for programmers, managers
     and professionals; $10.50 for students; $21 for others.

To join, please send a check and the following information:

    * Your name and phone numbers (home, work, or both).

    * The address to use for League mailings, a few each year (please
      indicate whether it is your home address or your work address).

    * The company you work for, and your position.

    * Your email address, so the League can contact you for political
      action.  (If you don't want to be contacted for this, please say
      so, but please provide your email address anyway.)

    * Please mention anything about you which would enable your
      endorsement of LPF to impress the public.

    * Please say whether you would like to help with LPF activities.

The League is not connected with the Free Software Foundation and is not
itself a free software organization.  The FSF supports the LPF because, like
any software developer smaller than IBM, it is endangered by software
patents.  You are in danger too!  It would be easy to ignore the problem
until you or your employer is sued, but it is more prudent to organize before
that happens.

If you haven't made up your mind yet, write to LPF for more information, or
send Internet mail to `[e-mail]'.  The address is:

    League for Programming Freedom
    1 Kendall Square - #143
    P.O. Box 9171
    Cambridge, MA    02139
    USA
    Phone: [phone]
    Email: `[e-mail]'



Project GNU Wish List
*********************

Wishes for this issue are for:

   * Volunteers to distribute this Bulletin at technical conferences, trade
     shows, etc.  Please phone the number on the front cover to make
     arrangements.

   * Money, as always.    If you use and appreciate our software, please send a
     donation.    One way to give us a small amount of money is to order a
     distribution tape, diskette or CD-ROM.  This may not count as a donation
     for tax purposes, but it can qualify as a business expense.  This is
     especially helpful if you work for a business where the word "donation"
     is anathema.

   * Oleo extensions or other free software for business, such as bookkeeping.

   * 600+ megabyte SCSI disks to give us more space to develop software.

   * A 386 or 486 PC compatible with 200+ MB of disk and an Ethernet card.

   * A 4mm DAT tape drive, an Exabyte tape drive, a Sun SPARCstation and a
     Sun-3/60 or 4/110.

   * Companies to lend us capable programmers and technical writers for at
     least six months.    True wizards may be welcome for shorter periods, but
     we have found that six months is the minimum time for a good programmer
     to finish a worthwhile project.

   * Volunteers to help write programs and documentation.  Send mail to
     `[e-mail]' for the task list and coding standards.

   * Professors who might be interested in sponsoring or hosting research
     assistants to do GNU development, with FSF support.

   * Speech and character recognition software and systems (if the devices
     aren't too weird), with the device drivers if possible.  This would help
     the productivity of partially disabled people (including a few we know).

   * New quotes and ideas for articles in the GNU's Bulletin.  We
     particularly like to highlight organizations involved with free
     information exchange and companies providing free software support as a
     primary business.

   * Copies of newspaper and journal articles mentioning the GNU Project or
     GNU software.  Send these to the address on the front cover, or send a
     citation to `[e-mail]'.



The Text Software Initiative
****************************

The Text Software Initiative (TSI) is an international effort to promote the
development and use of free software for all kinds of text analysis and
manipulation, including markup of physical and logical text features,
linguistic analysis and annotation, browsing and retrieval, statistical
analysis and other text-related tasks in research in computational
linguistics, humanities computing, terminology and lexicography, speech, etc.
A central component of TSI is the development of guidelines and standards
for text software, in order to ensure compatibility, extendability and
reusability.

TSI borrows from the principles of FSF, by promoting distributed software
development on a voluntary basis and protecting the freedom to copy,
redistribute and modify software.

For more information, contact the project coordinators, who are Nancy Ide,
`[e-mail]' and Jean Veronis, `[e-mail]'.



Free Information Sources
************************

There is more to freely redistributable information than software.  Here is a
partial list of organizations providing other forms of freely redistributable
information.

   * FreeLore

     John Goodwin, `[e-mail]', is working on a project called
     "FreeLore".  One goal is to create a core of useful, copylefted
     textbooks.     Currently, he is testing a prototype curriculum for students
     from junior-high school through early college; the curriculum is written
     in Texinfo.  The FreeLore project is looking for volunteers.  For more
     information, contact John Goodwin.

   * The Online Book Initiative

     The Online Book Initiative focuses on books, conference proceedings,
     reference material, catalogues, etc. that can be freely shared.
     Currently, OBI has about 200MB of (mostly compressed) text online,
     ranging from poetry to standards documents to novels.  Everything can be
     accessed via anonymous FTP to `obi.std.com'.  You can also dial
     `world.std.com' with a modem (617-739-9753, 8N1) and create an account
     to access this information (login as `new').  Accounts on `world' are
     charged for their connect time (ask `[e-mail]' for details).

   * Project Gutenberg

     Project Gutenberg is the brainchild of Michael Hart.  Back in 1971, he
     decided to use extra computer time to type in copyright-free articles,
     and he has not stopped since.  What started with the Declaration of
     Independence has grown to include text ranging from the King James
     version of the Bible, to `The Scarlet Letter', to data from the 1990
     U.S. Census.

     Professor Hart's hope for ultimate success derives from the nature of
     what he calls `Replicator Technology': once anything is stored in a
     computer, it can be reproduced indefinitely, making it available to all
     who want it.

     Texts from Project Gutenberg are available at a number of FTP sites,
     including `mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu' in file `/etext' and `oes.orst.edu'
     in file `/pub/almanac/etext'.  For instructions on how to obtain text
     from Bitnet, send the word `HELP' in the body of a message to
     `BITFTP@PUCC' (`[e-mail]' on the Internet).
     Instructions will be mailed.  Or look at `bit.listserv.gutnberg', a
     USENET newsgroup.



Free Software and GNU in Japan
******************************

ICOT (Institute for Next Generation Computer Technology) is distributing the
fifth-generation software produced by their research efforts as free
software.  This includes over 70 megabytes of programs for symbol processing,
knowledge representation, problem solving and inference and natural language
processing.  For more information, contact `[e-mail]'.

Mieko, `[e-mail]', and Nobuyuki Hikichi, `[e-mail]',
continue to work on the GNU Project in Japan.  They have translated the FSF
Order Form and GNU's Bulletin into Japanese and are distributing them widely.
They ask for donations and also offer GNU software consulting.    Recently
they began redistributing their Japanese translation of the GNU General
Public License Version 2.  This translation is authorized by the FSF and is
available by anonymous FTP from `srawgw.sra.co.jp' in
`/pub/gnu/local-fix/GPL2-j'.  Yukitoshi Fujimura from Addison-Wesley
Publishers in Japan greatly contributed to this translation.  Work is
underway on a formal translation of the GNU Library General Public License.

Japanese versions of GNU Emacs (`nemacs'), Epoch (`nepoch') and MULE are
available and widely used in Japan.  MULE (the MULtilingual Enhancement of
GNU Emacs) can handle many character sets at once.  Eventually its features
will be merged into FSF's version of Emacs.  Ken'ichi Handa,
`[e-mail]', is beta testing MULE; you can FTP sources from
`sh.wide.ad.jp' in `/JAPAN/mule' or `etlport.etl.go.jp' in `/pub/mule'.

The Village Center, Inc. has printed a Japanese translation of the `GNU Emacs
Lisp Reference Manual' and uploaded the Texinfo source to various bulletin
boards.     Recently, they also published a copylefted book, Mieko's `Think
GNU'.  This appears to be the first copylefted publication in Japan, apart
from those by the FSF.    Part of the revenue generated is donated to the FSF.
The address is:

    Village Center, Inc.
    Kanda Amerex Bldg. 2F
    1-16, 3-Chome, Misaki-Cho
    Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101
    Japan

A group connected with the commercial personal computer network in Japan is
writing and distributing a copylefted hardware (circuit diagram) design
system that runs on a MIPS-architecture CPU.  The `t2' OS, which runs on this
machine, is a subset of Unix that uses GCC and GDB as the system's compiler
and debugger.  They are also running Mach and MIPS-BSD.

Many groups in Japan distribute GNU software, including JUG (a PC user
group), ASCII (publishers) and the Fujitsu FM Towns users group.  Anonymous
UUCP is also now available in Japan; for more information contact
`[e-mail]'.  Publishers in Japan are steadily releasing more articles
and books about GNU software and FSF.

You can order GNU software directly from the FSF.  For Japan, we provide an
FSF Order Form written in Japanese, as well as a toll-free facsimile number;
ask `[e-mail]' for a copy of the order form.  We
encourage you to buy tapes: every 150 tape orders allows FSF to hire a
programmer for a year to write more free software.

The FSF does not distribute `nemacs', `nepoch' or MULE on tape; however MULE
is available on the GNU Source Code CD-ROM.



Project GNU Status Report
*************************

   * GNU Software Configuration Scheme

     We now have a uniform scheme for configuring GNU software packages in
     order to compile them.  This makes it possible to configure all GNU
     software in the same way.    In particular, all GNU software will support
     the same alternatives for naming machine types and system types.

     The configuration scheme also supports configuring a directory that
     contains several GNU packages with one command.  When we have a complete
     system, this will make it possible to configure the entire system at
     once, eliminating the need to learn how to configure each of the
     individual packages that make up the GNU system.

     For tools used in compilation, the configuration scheme also lets you
     specify both the host system and the target system, so you can configure
     and build cross-compilation tools easily.

     Emacs version 19, GCC version 2 and GDB version 4 support the new
     configuration scheme, as do most of our other programs and collections.

   * The Hurd

     We are developing the GNU Hurd, a set of servers that run on top of
     Mach.  Mach is a free message-passing kernel being developed at CMU.
     The Hurd servers, working with the GNU C Library, will provide Unix-like
     functionality.  Together with Mach they are the last major components
     necessary for a complete GNU system.  Currently there are free ports of
     the Mach kernel to the 386 PC and the DEC PMAX workstation.  (The PMAX
     is one kind of MIPS-based DECstation.)  Other free ports of Mach are in
     progress.    Contact CMU for more information if you want to help with one
     of those or start your own.  Porting the GNU Hurd and GNU C Library is
     easy (easier than porting GNU Emacs, certainly easier than porting GCC)
     once a Mach port to a particular kind of hardware exists.

     There are some large projects relating to the Hurd that can be done by
     volunteers.  Those who can read and understand the source code with
     fewer than two questions, and have the time for a large project, are
     invited to make themselves known to Michael Bushnell,
     `[e-mail]'.

   * GNU Emacs

     Emacs is the extensible, customizable, self-documenting real-time
     display editor.  GNU Emacs 18.59 is the current version.  Emacs 18
     maintenance continues for simple bug fixes.

     Version 19 is in beta-release.  See "GNUs Flashes" and "Contents of the
     Emacs Tape" for details.

     Thanks to Alan Carroll and the people who worked on Epoch for generating
     initial feedback to a multi-windowed Emacs, to Lucid, Inc. for
     implementing X Selections, faces, the optimizing byte compiler and the
     default menu bar, to Eric Raymond who has evaluated 460 out of 851
     possible new Lisp libraries, and to Stephen Gildea for doing the Emacs
     19 reference card.

     Features under consideration for later releases of Emacs include:

    * different visibility conditions for regions, and for various
      windows showing one buffer

    * incrementally saving the undo history in a file, so that
      `recover-file' also reinstalls the buffer's undo history

    * support for variable-width fonts

    * support for wide character sets including all the world's major
      languages

    * support for display using an X toolkit

   * GNU Fortran (`g77')

     GNU Fortran is in "private" alpha test (testing by a small group of
     experts) and is not yet publicly released.     Until `g77' is fully
     released to the public, we ask people to use `f2c' (a Fortran-to-C
     translator) with `gcc' (the GNU C compiler).  As `g77' uses a lot of
     these two tools (the `f2c' libraries and the `gcc' back end), using them
     and reporting any problems you find will help speed the release of
     `g77'.  See "Contents of the Languages Tapes."

     The primary focus of the alpha test is to test the `g77' front end,
     since that has most of the new code.  The secondary focus of the alpha
     test is to test the integration between the front end and the back end.
     Currently, this is where most of the bugs seem to be.  The tertiary
     focus is the quality of code generated by the GNU back end.

     A mailing list exists for those interested in `g77'.  To subscribe,
     please ask `[e-mail]'.  To contact the
     author and/or current maintainer of `g77', write to
     `[e-mail]'.

   * C Compiler

     GCC supports both ANSI standard and traditional C, as well as the GNU
     extensions to C.  Two versions of GCC are being maintained in parallel.
     Version 1 is stable, but is still maintained with bug fixes.  For more
     information about version 1, see "Contents of the Languages Tape."

     Version 2 of GCC is now reliable.    It also has front ends for the
     languages C++ and Objective C.

     New front ends are being developed, but they are not part of GCC yet.  A
     front end for Fortran is in alpha test.  A front end for Ada is being
     funded through the Ada 9X standards committee.  Since it is a quite
     complex language, we expect completion to take a while.  Volunteers are
     also developing front ends for Modula-3, Pascal and Cobol.     For more
     information about version 2, see "Contents of the Experimental Tape."

   * binutils

     Steve Chamberlain, Per Bothner and others at Cygnus Support have
     rewritten the binary utilities (including the linker).  Version 2 is
     based on the same Binary File Descriptor (BFD) library used by GDB.  All
     the tools can be run on a host that differs from the target (e.g.
     cross-linking is supported).  Furthermore, various forms of COFF and
     other object file formats are supported.  A tool can now deal with
     object files in multiple formats all at once.  For example, the linker
     can read object files using two different formats, and write the output
     in a third format.     The linker interprets a superset of the AT&T Linker
     Command Language, which allows very general control over where segments
     are placed in memory.

   * GNU C Library

     Roland McGrath continues to work on the GNU C Library.  It now supports
     everything required by the ANSI C-1989 and POSIX 1003.1-1990 standards,
     most facilities of POSIX 1003.2 and many additional Unix functions (BSD
     and System V).  In the Hurd, the C Library will do much of what the
     system calls do in Unix.  Mike Haertel has written a fast `malloc' which
     wastes less memory than the old GNU `malloc'.  The GNU
     regular-expression functions (`regex') now mostly conform to the POSIX
     1003.2 standard.

     GNU `stdio' lets you define new kinds of streams, just by writing a few
     C functions.  The `fmemopen' function uses this to open a stream on a
     string, which can grow as necessary.  You can define your own `printf'
     formats to use a C function you have written.  For example, you can
     safely use format strings from user input to implement a `printf'-like
     function for another programming language.     Extended `getopt' functions
     are already used to parse options, including long options, in many GNU
     utilities.

     Version 1.06 of the GNU C Library has just been released.    It includes
     the relocating allocator used in Emacs 19, as well as new ports to Dynix
     on Sequent Symmetry, SCO and SVR4 on i386, and Solaris 2 on SPARC.     This
     is the first release to include the `GNU C Library Reference Manual'.
     For more information, see "Contents of Experimental Tape."

   * Rx

     Rx is a faster implementation of the GNU regex functions.    It is
     currently in a beta state, and we are not yet distributing it on tape.
     For more information, contact Tom Lord, `[e-mail]'.

   * JACAL

     Aubrey Jaffer has written JACAL, a symbolic mathematics system for the
     simplification and manipulation of equations and single- and
     multiple-valued algebraic expressions constructed of numbers, variables,
     radicals, and algebraic functions, differential operators and holonomic
     functions.     In addition, vectors and matrices of the above objects are
     included.

     JACAL is written in Scheme.  An IEEE P1178 and R4RS compliant version of
     Scheme ("SCM") written in C is available with JACAL.  SCM runs on Amiga,
     Atari-ST, MS-DOS, NOS/VE, VMS, Unix and similar systems.  SLIB is a
     portable Scheme library used by JACAL.  Get JACAL, SLIB and SCM sources
     via anonymous FTP from either `nexus.yorku.ca' in `/pub/scheme/new',
     `altdorf.ai.mit.edu' in `/archive/scm' or `prep.ai.mit.edu' in
     `/pub/gnu/jacal'.

     The FSF is not distributing JACAL on tape, diskettes or CD-ROM yet.  To
     receive an IBM PC floppy disk with the source and executable files, send
     $99.00 to:

         Aubrey Jaffer
         84 Pleasant Street
         Wakefield, MA   01880
         USA

   * `make'

     GNU `make' version 3.67 has just been released.  It now supports the
     popular `+=' syntax for appending more text to a variable's definition.
     `make' has come with a standard GNU `configure' script since version
     3.63.  GNU `make' complies fully with the POSIX.2 standard, and also
     supports long options, parallel command execution, flexible implicit
     pattern rules, conditional execution and powerful text manipulation
     functions.     For those with no vendor-supplied `make' utility at all, GNU
     `make' now comes with a shell script called `build.sh' to build `make'
     the first time, before you have any `make' program to use.

   * Oleo

     Oleo is a spreadsheet program that can be run either as an X client or
     using curses.  Support has recently been added both for `gnuplot' and
     for generating embedded Postscript.  Oleo still needs documentation.  If
     you would like to write a Texinfo manual for Oleo, contact Tom Lord,
     `[e-mail]'.  Please send bug reports regarding Oleo to
     `[e-mail]'.  See "Contents of Experimental Tape."

   * finger

     Originally, each host on the Internet consisted of a single, reasonably
     powerful computer, capable of handling many users at the same time.
     Typically, a "site" (a physical location of computer users) would have
     only one or two computers, even if they had 20 or more people who used
     them.  If a user at site A wanted to know about users logged on at
     site B, a simple program could be invoked to query the host at site B
     about the users who were logged on.

     With the onset of desktop computing, the mainframe has been set aside.
     A modern computing facility usually consists of one user per host and
     many hosts per site.  This makes it a trial to find out about logged-on
     users at another site, since you must query each host to find out about
     the single user who is logged on.

     GNU Finger is a simple and effective way around this problem, and serves
     as a direct replacement for existing finger programs.  For sites with
     many hosts, a single host may be designated as the finger "server" host.
     This host collects information about who is logged on to other hosts at
     that site.     If a user at site A wants to know about users logged on at
     site B, only the server host need be queried, instead of each host at
     that site.     This is very convenient.  (See "Contents of the Utilities
     Tape".)

   * Ghostscript

     The current version of Ghostscript is 2.6.1.  New features include the
     ability to use the fonts provided by the platform on which Ghostscript
     runs (X Window System and Microsoft Windows), resulting in much
     better-looking screen displays; improved text file printing (like
     `enscript'); a utility to extract the text from a Postscript document; a
     much more reliable (and faster) Microsoft Windows implementation;
     support for Microsoft C/C++ 7.0; drivers for many new printers,
     including the SPARCprinter, and for TIFF/F (fax) file format; many more
     Postscript Level 2 facilities, including most of the color space
     facilities (but not patterns), and the ability to switch between Level 1
     and Level 2 dynamically.

     Ghostscript accepts commands in Postscript and executes them by writing
     directly to a printer, drawing on an X window or writing to a file that
     you can print later (or to a bitmap file that you can manipulate with
     other graphics programs).    Tim Theisen, `[e-mail]', has
     created Ghostview, a previewer for multi-page files that runs on top of
     Ghostscript.  Russell Lang, `[e-mail]', has created
     Ghostview for Windows, a similar previewer that runs on Microsoft
     Windows.

     Ghostscript includes a C-callable graphics library (for client programs
     that do not want to deal with the Postscript language).  It also supports
     IBM PCs and compatibles with EGA, VGA or SuperVGA graphics (but please do
     *not* ask the FSF staff any questions about this; we do not use PCs).

     The next planned Ghostscript release will be 3.0, available in the first
     quarter of 1994.  It will implement the full Postscript Level 2 language.

   * Smalltalk

     GNU Smalltalk implements the traditional features of the Smalltalk
     language, but not the graphics and window features.  Recently someone
     implemented these and they will appear in a future release.

   * `groff'

     James Clark has completed `groff' (GNU `troff' and related programs).
     Written in C++, they can be compiled with GNU C++ Version 2.3 or later.

     Bugs in `groff' will be fixed, but no major new developments are
     currently planned.     However, `groff' users are encouraged to continue to
     contribute enhancements.  Most needed are complete Texinfo
     documentation, a `grap' emulation (a `pic' preprocessor for typesetting
     graphs), a page-makeup postprocessor similar to `pm' (see `Computing
     Systems', Vol. 2, No. 2) and an ASCII output class for `pic' so that
     `pic' can be integrated with Texinfo.

     Thanks to all those who have contributed bug reports.

   * Texinfo 3

     The Texinfo 3 package includes an enhanced Texinfo mode for GNU Emacs,
     new versions of the formatting utilities, and the second edition of the
     `Texinfo Manual'.    This edition is more thorough and describes over 50
     new commands.  Texinfo mode now includes commands for automatically
     creating and updating nodes and menus, a tedious task when done by hand.
     `makeinfo', a standalone formatter, and `info', a standalone Info reader
     are included.  Both are written in C and are independent of GNU Emacs.

   * GNU Chess

     GNU Chess is a program that plays chess with you.    The program is
     written entirely in the C language and has been ported to the PC, the
     Cray-2 and numerous other machines.  It has also been ported to other
     operating systems, including Microsoft Windows and MS-DOS, though these
     versions are not being supported by the maintainer.

     GNU Chess implements many specialized features including the null move
     heuristic, a hash table with aging, the history heuristic (another form
     of the earlier killer heuristic), caching of static evaluations, and a
     sophisticated database which lets the program play the first several
     moves in the game quickly and so forth.

     GNU Chess won the Uniform Platform event held in August 1992 in London,
     England.  Nine programs competed, running on identical hardware.

     GNU Chess is primarily supported by Stuart Cracraft on behalf of FSF.

         Stuart Cracraft
         P.O. Box 2841
         Laguna Hills, CA
         USA
         Phone: [phone]
         E-mail: `[e-mail]'

   * GNU Shogi

     GNU Shogi and its protege GNU XShogi play the Japanese version of Chess
     known as "Shogi".    The major difference from Western Chess is that
     captured pieces can be returned into play.

     The latter is the X windows front end for GNU Shogi.  The former is the
     brain/engine which actually plays Shogi.

     The programs are written entirely in the C language.  GNU Shogi has been
     created by modifying GNU Chess.  GNU Shogi implements the same features
     as GNU Chess and uses similar heuristics.    As a new feature, sequences of
     partial board patterns can be introduced in order to help the program
     playing a good order of moves towards specific opening patterns.  GNU
     XShogi is a modification of XBoard.

         Matthias Mutz
         Universitaet Passau, FMI
         94030 Passau
         Germany
         E-mail: `[e-mail]'

   * Porting

     Although we do not yet have a complete GNU system, it is already
     possible for you to begin porting it.  This is because the unfinished
     part, the Hurd, is basically portable.  The parts of the system that
     really need porting are Mach and the GNU C Library, which are already
     available to port and use.



GNU Documentation
*****************

GNU is dedicated to having quality, easy-to-use on-line and printed
documentation.    GNU manuals are intended to explain the underlying concepts,
describe how to use all the features of each program, and give examples of
command use.  GNU manuals are distributed as Texinfo source files, which yield
both typeset hardcopy and on-line hypertext-like display via the menu-driven
Info system.  These manuals, source for which is provided with our software,
are also available in hardcopy; see the "Free Software Foundation Order Form."

Several GNU manuals are now bound as soft cover books with a new "lay-flat"
binding technology.  This allows you to open them so they lie flat on a table
without creasing the binding.  Each book has an inner cloth spine and an
outer cardboard cover that will not break or crease as an ordinary paperback
will.  Currently, the `Emacs', `Emacs Lisp Reference', `Texinfo', `GAWK',
`Make', `GDB', `Bison' and `Flex' manuals have this binding.  All other GNU
manuals are also bound so they lie flat when opened, using other technologies.

The `Emacs Manual' describes editing with GNU Emacs.  The new 8th edition has
been updated for Emacs 19.  It also explains advanced features, such as
outline mode and regular expression search, how to use special modes for
programming in languages like C++ and TeX, how to use the `tags' utility, how
to compile and correct code, and how to make your own keybindings and other
elementary customizations.

The `GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual' covers this programming language in
great depth, including data types, control structures, functions, macros,
syntax tables, searching and matching, modes, windows, keymaps, markers, byte
compilation and the operating system interface.

The `Texinfo Manual' explains the markup language used to generate both the
online Info documentation and typeset hardcopies.  It tells you how to make
tables, lists, chapters, nodes, indexes, cross references, how to use
Texinfo mode in GNU Emacs and how to catch mistakes.

The `GAWK Manual' describes how to use the GNU implementation of `awk'.
It is written for someone who has never used `awk' and describes all the
features of this powerful string and record manipulation language.

The `Make Manual' describes GNU `make', a program used to rebuild parts of
other programs.     The manual tells how to write "makefiles", which specify how
a program is to be compiled and how its files depend on each other.  The new
edition of the manual describes the new features in `make' version 3.64, and
includes a new introductory chapter for novice users, as well as a new
section on automatically generated dependencies.

`Debugging with GDB' explains how to use the GNU Debugger, run your program
under debugger control, examine and alter data, modify the flow of control
within the program and use GDB through GNU Emacs.

The `Bison Manual' teaches you how to write context-free grammars for the
Bison program that convert into C-coded parsers.  You need no prior knowledge
of parser generators.

The `Flex Manual' tells you how to write a lexical scanner definition for the
`flex' program to create a C-coded scanner that will recognize the patterns
described.  You need no prior knowledge of scanner generators.

`Using and Porting GNU CC' explains how to run, install and port the GNU C
compiler.  Currently, we are distributing two versions of GCC, version 1 and
version 2, each documented by a different edition of the manual.

The `Termcap Manual', often described as "Twice as much as you ever wanted to
know about Termcap," details the format of the Termcap database, the
definitions of terminal capabilities and the process of interrogating a
terminal description.  This manual is primarily for programmers.

The `Emacs Calc Manual' includes both a tutorial and a reference manual for
Calc.  It describes how to do ordinary arithmetic, how to use Calc for
algebra, calculus and other forms of mathematics, and how to extend Calc.

The `C Library Reference Manual' describes almost all of the facilities of
the GNU C library, including both what Unix calls "library functions" and
"system calls."     We are doing limited print runs of this manual until it
becomes more stable.  It is new, and we would like corrections and
improvements.  Please send them to `[e-mail]'.



GNU Software Available Now
**************************

We offer Unix software source distributions tapes in `tar' format on the
following media:

   * 1600bpi 9-track reel tape

   * 8mm Exabyte cartridges

   * Sun QIC-24 cartridges (readable on some other systems)

   * Hewlett-Packard 16-track cartridges

   * IBM RS/6000 QIC-150 cartridges (readable on some other systems) (the
     RS/6000 Emacs tape has an Emacs binary as well)

We also offer:

   * CD-ROM (see "GNU Source Code CD-ROM")

   * MS-DOS diskettes with some GNU software (see "MS-DOS Distribution")

   * VMS tapes (which include sources and executables) for GNU Emacs and the
     GNU C compiler (see "VMS Emacs and Compiler Tapes")

The contents of the various 9-track and cartridge tapes for Unix systems are
the same (except for the RS/6000 Emacs tape, which also has executables);
only the media are different (see the "Free Software Foundation Order Form").
Source code for the manuals comes in Texinfo format.  We welcome all bug
reports.

Some of the files on the tapes may be compressed with `gzip' to make them
fit.  Refer to the top-level `README' file at the beginning of each tape for
instructions on uncompressing them.  `uncompress' and `unpack' do not work!

Version numbers listed after program names were current at the time this
Bulletin was published.     When you order a distribution tape, some of the
programs might be newer, and therefore the version number higher.



Contents of the Emacs Tape
--------------------------

   * GNU Emacs 18.59

     In 1975, Richard Stallman developed the first Emacs, an extensible,
     customizable real-time display editor.  GNU Emacs is his second
     implementation.  It offers true Lisp-smoothly integrated into the
     editor-for writing extensions, and provides an interface to MIT's X
     Window System.  In addition to its powerful native command set,
     extensions which emulate other popular editors are distributed: vi, EDT
     (DEC's VMS editor) and Gosling (aka Unipress) Emacs.  It has many other
     features, which make it a full computing support environment.  It is
     described by the `GNU Emacs Manual', the `GNU Emacs Lisp Reference
     Manual' and a reference card.  Source for all three come with the
     software.

     GNU Emacs 18.59 runs on many Unix systems (arranged by hardware):
     Alliant FX/80 & FX/2800, Altos 3068, Amdahl (UTS), Apollo, AT&T (3Bs &
     7300 PC), DG Aviion, Bull DPX/2 (2nn & 3nn) CCI 5/32 & 6/32, Celerity,
     Convex, Digital (DECstation 3100 & 5000 (PMAXes), Mips, VAX (BSD, System
     V & VMS)), Motorola Delta 147 & 187 Dual, Elxsi 6400, Encore (DPC, APC &
     XPC), Gould, HP (9000 series 200, 300, 700 & 800, but not series 500),
     HLH Orion (original & 1/05), IBM (RS/6000 (AIX), RT/PC (4.2 & AIX) &
     PS/2 (AIX (386 only))), ISI (Optimum V, 80386), Intel 860 & 80386 (BSD,
     Esix, SVR3, SVR4, SCO, ISC, IX, AIX & others (for MS-DOS see "MS-DOS
     Distribution" & "Free Software for Microcomputers")), Iris (2500, 2500
     Turbo & 4D), Masscomp, MIPS, National Semiconductor 32000, NeXT (Mach),
     NCR Tower 32 (SVR2 & SVR3), Nixdorf Targon 31, Nu (TI & LMI), pfa50,
     Plexus, Prime EXL, Pyramid (original & MIPS), Sequent (Balance &
     Symmetry), SONY News (m68k & MIPS), Stride (system release 2), all Suns
     (including 386i), all SunOS & some Solaris versions, Tadpole, Tahoe,
     Tandem Integrity S2, Tektronix (16000 & 4300), Triton 88, Ustation E30
     (SS5E), Whitechapel (MG1) & Wicat.

     Arranged by operating system: AIX (RS/6000, RT/PC, 386-PS/2), BSD
     (versions 4.1, 4.2, 4.3), DomainOS, Esix (386), HP-UX (HP 9000 series
     200, 300, 700 & 800 but not series 500), ISC (386), IX (386), Mach,
     Microport, NewsOS (Sony m68k & MIPS) SCO (386), SVR0 (Vax & AT&T 3Bs),
     SVR2, SVR3, SVR4, Solaris 2.0, SunOS, UTS (Amdahl), Ultrix (versions
     3.0, 4,1), Uniplus 5.2 (Dual machines), VMS (versions 4.0, 4.2, 4.4,
     5,5) & Xenix (386).

   * GNU Emacs 19.8

     Version 19 is in beta-release.  Unlike some other recent derivations of
     Emacs, GNU Emacs 19 continues to work on character-only terminals as
     well as under the X Window System.     New features in Emacs 19 include:

    * multiple X windows ("frames" to Emacs), with a separate X window
      for the minibuffer or with a minibuffer attached to each X window

    * associating property lists with regions of text in a buffer

    * multiple fonts and colors defined by those properties

    * simplified and improved processing of function keys, mouse clicks
      and mouse movement

    * X selection processing, including CLIPBOARD selections

    * hooks to be run if point or mouse moves outside a certain range

    * menu bars and popup menus defined by keymaps

    * static menu bars

    * scrollbars

    * before and after change hooks

    * source-level debugging of Emacs Lisp programs

    * support for European character sets

    * floating point numbers

    * improved buffer allocation, using a new mechanism capable of
      returning storage to the system when a buffer is killed

    * interfacing with the X resource manager

    * support for the GNU configuration scheme

    * good RCS support

    * many updated libraries

     Emacs 19 has been tested on these machines: Sun SPARCstation (running
     SunOS 4.1.1, 4.1.2 & 4.1.3 and Solaris 1.0 & 1.1), DECstation (running
     Ultrix), IBM RS/6000 (running AIX 3.2), HP 9000/300 (running 4.3 BSD),
     Motorola Delta SysV68 on mvme147 (running system V r3v7) &
     IBM-compatibles using an 80386 or 80486 (running Linux 0.99.9, Esix
     System V Release 4.0.4 or SCO 3.2v4 (with ODT, SCO's version of X)).

     Other configurations supported by Emacs 18 should work with few
     adjustments; as users tell us more about their experiences with
     different systems, we will augment the list.

   * GNU Calc 2.02

     Calc (written by Dave Gillespie in Emacs Lisp) is an extensible,
     advanced desk calculator and mathematical tool that runs as part of GNU
     Emacs.  It comes with source for the `Calc Manual' and reference card,
     which serves as a tutorial and reference.    If you wish, you can use Calc
     just as a simple four-function calculator, but it provides additional
     features including choice of algebraic or RPN (stack-based) entry,
     logarithmic functions, trigonometric and financial functions, arbitrary
     precision, complex numbers, vectors, matrices, dates, times, infinities,
     sets, algebraic simplification, differentiation and integration.

   * CLISP 1993.04.05

     CLISP is a Common Lisp implementation by Bruno Haible and Michael Stoll.
     It mostly supports the Common Lisp described by `Common LISP: The
     Language (1st edition)'.  CLISP includes an interpreter, a byte-compiler
     and, for some machines, a screen editor.  CLISP needs only 1.5 MB of
     memory and runs on many microcomputers (including the Atari ST, Amiga
     500-2000, most MS-DOS systems & OS/2) and on some Unix workstations
     (Linux, SunOS (SPARC), Sun-386i, HP-UX (HP 9000/800) & others).

   * PCL 1993.03.18

     PCL is a free implementation of a large subset of CLOS, the Common Lisp
     Object System.  PCL was written by Xerox Corporation.

   * `gzip' 1.0.7

     Some of the contents of our tape and FTP distributions are compressed.
     We have software on our tapes and FTP sites to uncompress these files.
     Due to patent troubles with `compress', we have switched to another
     compression program, `gzip'.  `gzip' can expand LZW-compressed files but
     uses a different algorithm for compression which generally produces
     better results.  It also uncompresses files compressed with System V's
     `pack' program.

   * `make' 3.67

     GNU `make' supports POSIX 1003.2 and has all but a few obscure features
     of the BSD and System V versions of `make', as well as many of our own
     extensions.  GNU extensions include long options, parallel compilation,
     conditional execution and functions for text manipulation.     Source for
     the `Make Manual' comes with the program.

     GNU `make' is on several of our tapes because some native `make'
     programs lack the `VPATH' feature essential for using the GNU configure
     system to its full extent.     A script is included to build GNU `make' on
     such systems.

   * Texinfo 3.1

     Texinfo is a set of utilities which generate printed manuals and online
     hypertext-style documentation (called "Info"), and provide means for
     reading the online versions.  Version 3 contains both GNU Emacs Lisp and
     standalone C programs, as well as source for the `Texinfo Manual'.

     Texinfo is distributed on several of the tapes to insure that it is
     possible to rebuild and read Info files for various programs.



Contents of the Scheme Tape
---------------------------

This tape contains MIT Scheme 7.1.  Scheme is a simplified, lexically-scoped
dialect of Lisp.  It was designed at MIT and other universities to teach
students the art of programming, and to research new parallel programming
constructs and compilation techniques.    The current version conforms to the
"Revised^4 Report On the Algorithmic Language Scheme" (MIT AI Lab Memo 848b),
for which TeX source is included.

MIT Scheme is written in C, but is presently hard to bootstrap.     Binaries
which can be used to bootstrap Scheme are available for the following systems:

   * HP 9000 series 300, 400, 700 and 800 running HP-UX 7.0 or 8.0

   * NeXT running NeXT OS 1.0 or 2.0

   * Sun-3 or Sun-4 running SunOS 4.1

   * DECstation 3100/5100 running Ultrix 4.0

   * Sony NWS-3250 running NEWS OS 5.01

   * Vax running 4.3 BSD

If your system is not on this list and you don't enjoy the bootstrap
challenge, see the "JACAL" entry in the "Project GNU Status Report."



Contents of the Languages Tape
------------------------------

This tape contains programming tools: compilers, interpreters and related
programs (parsers, conversion programs, debuggers, etc.).

   * GCC 1.42

     The GNU C compiler is a fairly portable optimizing compiler which
     performs automatic register allocation, common sub-expression
     elimination, invariant code motion from loops, induction variable
     optimizations, constant propagation and copy propagation, delayed
     popping of function call arguments, tail recursion elimination,
     integration of inline functions and frame pointer elimination, plus many
     local optimizations that are automatically deduced from the machine
     description.

     GCC supports full ANSI C, traditional C and GNU C extensions.  It
     generates good code for the 32000, m68k, 80386, Alliant, Convex, Tahoe &
     VAX CPUs, and for these RISC CPUs: i860, Pyramid, SPARC & SPUR.  The
     MIPS RISC CPU is also supported.  Other supported systems include
     (arranged by hardware): 386 (AIX), Alliant FX/8, Altos 3068, Apollo
     68000/68020 (Aegis), AT&T 3B1, Convex C1 & C2, DECstation 3100 & 5000,
     DEC VAX, Encore MultiMax (NS32000), Genix NS32000, Harris HCX-7 & HCX-9,
     HP-UX 68000/68020, HP 9000 series 200 & 300 (BSD), IBM PS/2 (AIX), Intel
     386 (System V, Xenix, BSD, but not MS-DOS (but see "MS-DOS Distribution"
     & "Free Software for Microcomputers")), Iris MIPS machine, ISI
     68000/68020, MIPS, NeXT, Pyramid (original), Sequent Balance (NS32000)
     and Symmetry (i386), SONY News, Sun (2, 3 (optionally with FPA), 4,
     SPARCstation & Sun-386i).

     Arranged by operating system: AIX (i386-PS/2), BSD (Alliant FX/8, Apollo,
     Convex, HP m68k (series 200 & 300), i386, ISI m68k, MIPS, Pyramid
     (original), Sequent (Balance & Symmetry), Genix (NS32000), HP-UX (m68k),
     Irix (Iris MIPS), Mach (NeXT m68k), NewsOS (Sony m68k), SunOS (Sun-2,
     Sun-3, Sun-4, SPARC & Sun-386i), System V (i386, Altos 3068, AT&T 3B1),
     Ultrix (DECstation 3100 & 5000, VAX), Umax (Encore NS32000) and Xenix
     (i386).

     Source for the GCC manual, `Using and Porting GNU CC', is included with
     the compiler.  The manual describes how to run and install the GNU C
     compiler, and how to port it to new systems.  It describes new features
     and incompatibilities of the compiler, but people not familiar with C
     will also need a good reference on the C programming language.

   * G++ 1.42.0

     G++ is a set of changes for GCC version 1 which supports C++.  As far as
     possible, G++ is kept compatible with the evolving draft ANSI standard,
     but not with `cfront' (the AT&T compiler), as `cfront' has been
     diverging from ANSI.  G++ 1 comes with source for the `GNU G++ User's
     Guide' (not yet published on paper).  G++ compiles source quickly,
     provides good error messages and works well with GDB.  Each release of
     G++ 1 depends on the same numbered release of GCC 1 (in GCC version 2,
     G++ is merged with GCC).

   * libg++ 1.39.0

     The GNU C++ library, libg++, is an extensive collection of C++ classes
     and support tools for use with G++.  Partial documentation in Texinfo
     format is included (not yet published on paper).

   * NIH Class Library 3.0

     The NIH Class Library (formerly known as "OOPS", Object-Oriented Program
     Support) is a portable collection of G++ classes, similar to those in
     Smalltalk-80, which has been developed by Keith Gorlen of the National
     Institutes of Health (NIH), using the C++ programming language.

   * BFD

     The BFD (Binary File Descriptor) library allows a program which operates
     on object files (such as `ld' or GDB) to support many different formats
     in a clean way.  BFD provides a portable interface, so that only BFD
     needs to know the actual details of a particular format.  One consequence
     of this design is that all of programs using BFD will support formats
     such as a.out, COFF, ELF and ROSE.     BFD comes with documentation in
     Texinfo form.

   * GDB 4.9

     In GDB 4, object files and symbol tables are now read via the BFD
     library, which allows a single copy of GDB to debug programs of multiple
     object file types such as a.out and COFF.    Other features include
     improvements to the command language, remote debugging over serial lines
     or TCP/IP, and watchpoints (breakpoints triggered when the value of an
     expression changes).  Exception handling, SunOS shared libraries and C++
     multiple inheritance are only supported when used with GCC version 2.

     GDB now uses a standard remote interface to a simulator library.  So
     far, the library contains simulators for the Zilog Z8001/2, the Hitachi
     H8/300, H8/500 and Super-H.

     GDB 4 can perform cross-debugging.     To say that GDB 4 *targets* a
     platform means that it can perform native or cross-debugging for it.  To
     say that GDB 4 can *host* a given platform means that it can be built on
     it, but cannot necessarily debug native programs.    GDB 4 can:

    * *target* & *host*: Amiga 3000 (Amix), DECstation 3100 & 5000
      (Ultrix), HP 9000/300 (BSD), IBM RS/6000 (AIX), i386 (BSD, SCO &
      Linux), Motorola Delta m88k (System V), NCR 3000 (SVR4), SGI Iris
      (MIPS running Irix V3 & V4), SONY News (NewsOS 3.x), Sun-3 & SPARC
      (SunOS 4.1 & Solaris 2.0) & Ultracomputer (29K running Sym1).

    * *target*, but not *host*: i960 Nindy, AMD 29000 (COFF & a.out),
      Fujitsu SPARClite, Hitachi H8/300, m68k & m68332.

    * *host*, but not *target*: Intel 386 (Mach), IBM RT/PC (AIX) &
      HP/Apollo 68k (BSD).

     In addition, GDB 4 can use the symbol tables emitted by the compilers
     supplied by most vendors of MIPS-based machines, including DEC.  (These
     symbol tables are in a format which almost nobody else uses.)  Source for
     the manual `Debugging with GDB' and a reference card are included.

   * `ae'

     `ae' works with GCC to produce more complete profiling information.

   * binutils 1.9

     The binutils include `ar', `gprof', `ld', `nm', `ranlib', `size' and
     `strip'.  The GNU linker `ld' is fast, and is the only linker which
     emits source-line numbered error messages for multiply-defined symbols
     and undefined references.

   * Bison 1.21

     Bison is an upwardly compatible replacement for the parser generator
     `yacc', with more features.  `Bison Manual' and reference card sources
     are included.

   * COFF Support

     The entire suite of GNU software tools can be run on System V, replacing
     COFF entirely.  The GNU tools can operate on BSD object files with a
     COFF header the System V kernel will accept.  `robotussin' is supplied
     for converting standard libraries to this format.    However, this
     workaround is becoming obsolete, as it is being replaced by BFD (see
     "Project GNU Status Report" and "Contents of the Languages Tape").

   * DejaGnu 1.0, `expect' 4.5.2 alpha and Tcl 6.7

     DejaGnu is a framework for testing other programs.     Its purpose is to
     provide a single front end for all tests.    The flexibility and
     consistency of the DejaGnu framework make it easy to write tests for any
     program.

     `expect' (which runs scripts to conduct dialogs with programs) and Tcl
     (an embeddable tool command language) are both provided in this package,
     since DejaGnu uses them and they are useful programs in their own right.

   * `dld' 3.2.3

     `dld' is a dynamic linker written by W. Wilson Ho.     Linking your program
     with the `dld' library allows you to dynamically load object files into
     the running binary.

   * `f2c' 1993.04.28

     `f2c' converts Fortran-77 source files into C or C++, which can then be
     compiled with GCC.

   * `flex' 2.3.8

     `flex' is a mostly-compatible replacement for the `lex' scanner
     generator, written by Vern Paxson of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
     `flex' generates far more efficient scanners than `lex' does.  Sources
     for the `Flex Manual' and reference card are included.

   * GAS 1.38.1

     The GNU assembler (GAS) is a fairly portable, one pass assembler that is
     almost twice as fast as Unix `as' and works for 32x32, m68k, 80386,
     SPARC (Sun-4) & VAX.

   * GAWK 2.15.2

     GAWK is upwardly compatible with the System V Release 4 version of
     `awk'.  Source for the `GAWK Manual' comes with the software.

   * `gdbm' 1.5

     The `gdbm' library is the GNU replacement for the traditional `dbm' and
     `ndbm' libraries, which implement a database using quick lookup by
     hashing.  `gdbm' supports both styles but does not need sparse database
     formats (unlike its Unix counterparts).

   * `gmp' 1.3.2

     GNU MP (`gmp') is a library for arbitrary precision arithmetic,
     operating on signed integers and rational numbers.     It has a rich set of
     functions, all with a regular interface.

   * `gperf' 2.1

     `gperf' is a "perfect" hash-table generation utility.  There are
     actually two implementations of `gperf', one written in C and one in
     C++.  Both will produce hash functions in either C or C++.

   * `indent' 1.7

     `indent' is the GNU-modified version of the freely-redistributable BSD
     program of the same name.    It formats C source according to GNU coding
     standards by default, though the original default and other formats are
     available as options.

   * `p2c' 1.20

     `p2c' is a Pascal-to-C translator written by Dave Gillespie.  It is
     intended primarily for use on 32-bit machines, though porting it to
     convert code to work on 16-bit machines may be possible.

   * `perl' 4.036

     Larry Wall has written a fast interpreter named `perl' which combines
     the features and capabilities of `sed', `awk', `sh' and C, as well as
     interfaces to all the system calls and many C library routines.
     Perl Mode for editing `perl' code comes with GNU Emacs 19.

   * regex 0.12

     The GNU regular expression library supports POSIX.2, except for
     internationalization features.  It has been included in many GNU
     programs which use regex routines.     Now it is finally available
     separately.

   * Smalltalk 1.1.1

     GNU Smalltalk is an interpreted object-oriented programming language
     system written in portable C.  Features include an incremental garbage
     collector, a binary image save capability, the ability to invoke
     user-written C code and pass parameters to it, a GNU Emacs editing mode,
     optional byte-code compilation tracing and byte-code execution tracing
     and automatically loaded per-user initialization files.

   * superopt 2.2

     Superopt is a function sequence generator that uses an exhaustive
     generate-and-test approach to find the shortest instruction sequence for
     a given function.    You provide the superoptimizer a function and a CPU
     to generate code for, and how many instructions you can accept.  The GNU
     superoptimizer and its application in GCC is described in the `ACM
     SIGPLAN PLDI'92' proceedings.  Superopt supports: SPARC, m68000, m68020,
     m88000, IBM RS/6000, AMD 29000, Intel 80x86 & Pyramid.

   * Tile Forth 2.1

     Tile Forth is a 32-bit implementation of the Forth-83 standard written
     in C, thus allowing it to be easily moved between different computers
     (traditionally, Forth implementations are written in assembly to utilize
     the underlying architecture as optimally as possible, but this also
     makes them less portable).

   * Texinfo 3.1, `gzip' 1.0.7 and `make' 3.67

     See "Contents of the Emacs Tape" for a full description of these
     programs.



Contents of the Utilities Tape
------------------------------

This tape consists mostly of smaller utilities and miscellaneous applications
not available on the other GNU tapes.

   * Autoconf 1.4

     Autoconf produces shell scripts which automatically configure source
     code packages.  These scripts adapt the packages to many kinds of
     Unix-like systems without manual user intervention.  Autoconf creates a
     script for a package from a template file which lists the operating
     system features which the package can use, in the form of `m4' macro
     calls.  Many GNU programs now use Autoconf-generated configure scripts.

   * BASH 1.12 and readline

     The GNU shell, BASH (Bourne Again SHell), is compatible with the Unix
     `sh' and offers many extensions found in `csh' and `ksh'.    BASH has job
     control, `csh'-style command history and command-line editing (with
     Emacs and `vi' modes built-in and the ability to rebind keys) via the
     readline library.

   * `bc' 1.02

     `bc' is an interactive algebraic language with arbitrary precision.  GNU
     `bc' was implemented from the POSIX 1003.2 draft standard, but it has
     several extensions including multi-character variable names, an `else'
     statement and full Boolean expressions.

   * `cpio' 2.2

     `cpio' is an alternative archive program with all the features of SVR4
     `cpio', including support for the final POSIX 1003.1 `ustar' standard.

   * CVS 1.3

     The Concurrent Version System, CVS, manages software revision and
     release control in a multi-developer, multi-directory, multi-group
     environment.  It works best in conjunction with RCS versions 4 and
     above, but will parse older RCS formats with the loss of CVS's fancier
     features.    See Berliner, Brian, "CVS-II: Parallelizing Software
     Development," `Proceedings of the Winter 1990 USENIX Association
     Conference'.

   * `dc' 0.2

     `dc' is an RPN calculator.     GNU `bc' does not require a separate `dc'
     program to run.  This version of `dc' will eventually be merged with the
     `bc' package.

   * `diffutils' 2.3

     GNU `diff' compares files showing line-by-line changes in several
     flexible formats.    It is much faster than the traditional Unix versions.
     The "diffutils" distribution contains `diff', `diff3', `sdiff' and `cmp'.

   * `doschk' 1.1

     This program is intended as a utility to help software developers ensure
     that their source file names are distinguishable on System V platforms
     with 14-character filenames and on MS-DOS with 11 character filenames.

   * `elvis' 1.7

     `elvis' is a clone of the `vi'/`ex' Unix editor.  It supports nearly all
     of the `vi'/`ex' commands in both visual and line mode.  `elvis' runs
     under BSD, System V, Xenix, Minix, MS-DOS and Atari TOS, and should be
     easy to port to many other systems.

   * `es' 0.84

     This is an extensible shell based on `rc' but with more features
     including first class functions, lexical scope, an exception system and
     rich return values (i.e. functions can return values other than just
     numbers).    Like `rc', it is great for both interactive use and for
     scripting, particularly because its quoting rules are much less baroque
     than the C or Bourne shells.

   * Fax 3.2.1

     Fax is the freely-available MIT AI Lab fax spooling system, which
     provides Group 3 fax transmission and reception services for a networked
     Unix system.  It requires a faxmodem which conforms to the new EIA-592
     Asynchronous Facsimile DCE Control Standard, Service Class 2.

   * `find' 3.8

     `find' is frequently used both interactively and in shell scripts to
     find files which match certain criteria and perform arbitrary operations
     on them.  `xargs' and `locate' are also included.

   * `finger' 1.37

     GNU Finger works on a wide variety of systems.  For more information,
     see the "Project GNU Status Report."

   * fontutils 0.6

     The "fontutils" can create fonts for use with Ghostscript or TeX,
     starting with a scanned type image and converting the bitmaps to
     outlines.    They also contain general conversion programs and other
     utilities.

   * Gnats 3.01

     Gnats (GNats: A Tracking System) is a bug-tracking system.     It is based
     upon the paradigm of a central site or organization which receives
     problem reports and negotiates their resolution by electronic mail.
     Although it's been used primarily as a software bug-tracking system so
     far, it is sufficiently generalized so that it could be used for
     handling system administration issues, project management or any number
     of other applications.

   * Fun and Games: `acm' 2.4, MandelSpawn 0.06, GNU Chess 4.0.pl61, NetHack
     3.1, GnuGo 1.1, GNU Shogi 1.1.pl01 and `hello' 1.3

     `acm' is a LAN-oriented, multiplayer aerial combat simulation that runs
     under the X Window System.     Players engage in air to air combat against
     one another using heat seeking missiles and cannons.  Eventually we hope
     to turn this into a more general purpose flight simulator.

     MandelSpawn is a parallel Mandelbrot program for the MIT X Window
     System.  GNU Chess and GNU Shogi have text and X display interfaces (see
     "Project GNU Status Report").  NetHack is a display-oriented adventure
     game similar to Rogue.  GnuGo plays the game of Go (Wei-Chi); it is not
     yet very sophisticated.  GNU Shogi plays a Japanese game, similar to
     Chess, known as "Shogi".  A major difference from Western Chess is that
     captured pieces can be returned into play.

     The GNU `hello' program produces a familiar, friendly greeting.  It
     allows non-programmers to use a classic computer science tool which
     would otherwise be unavailable to them.  Because it is protected by the
     GNU General Public License, users are free to share and change it.

   * Ghostscript 2.6.1 and Ghostview 1.4.1

     Ghostscript is GNU's graphics language which is almost fully compatible
     with Postscript (see "Project GNU Status Report").     Ghostview provides
     an X11 user interface for the Ghostscript interpreter.  Ghostview and
     Ghostscript function as two cooperating programs; Ghostview creates a
     viewing window and Ghostscript draws in it.

   * `gnuplot' 3.2

     `gnuplot' is an interactive program for plotting mathematical
     expressions and data.  Curiously, the program was neither written nor
     named for the GNU Project; the name is a coincidence.

     See the entry on GNU Graphics in "Contents of the Experimental Tape" for
     information on a related program.

   * `gptx' 0.2

     `gptx' is the GNU version of `ptx', a permuted index generator.  Among
     other things, it produces readable "KWIC" (KeyWords In Context) indexes
     without the need of `nroff' and there is an option to output TeX code.

   * `grep'/`egrep'/`fgrep' 2.0

     The `[ef]grep' programs are GNU's versions of the Unix programs of the
     same name.     They are much faster than the traditional Unix versions.

   * `groff' 1.08 and `mgm' 1.07

     `groff' is a document formatting system, which includes implementations
     of `troff', `pic', `eqn', `tbl', `refer', the `man', `ms' and `mm'
     macros, as well as drivers for Postscript, TeX dvi format and
     typewriter-like devices.  Also included is a modified version of the
     Berkeley `me' macros and an enhanced version of the X11 `xditview'
     previewer.

     `mgm' is a macro package for `groff'.  It is almost compatible with the
     DWB `mm' macros and has several extensions.

   * `less' 177

     `less' is a display paginator similar to `more' and `pg' but with
     various features (such as the ability to scroll backwards) which most
     pagers lack.

   * `m4' 1.0.3

     GNU `m4' is an implementation of the traditional Unix macro processor.
     It is mostly SVR4 compatible, although it has some extensions (for
     example, handling more than 9 positional parameters to macros).  `m4'
     also has built-in functions for including files, running shell commands,
     doing arithmetic, etc.

   * mtools 2.0.7

     mtools is a set of public domain programs to allow Unix systems to read,
     write and manipulate files on an MS-DOS file system (usually a diskette).

   * `patch' 2.0.12g8

     `patch' is our version of Larry Wall's program to take `diff''s output
     and apply those differences to an original file to generate the modified
     version.

   * RCS 5.6.0.1

     The Revision Control System, RCS, is used for version control and
     management of software projects.  When used with GNU `diff', RCS can
     handle binary files (executables, object files, 8-bit data, etc).

   * `rc' 1.4

     `rc' is a shell that features a C-like syntax (much more so than `csh')
     and far cleaner quoting rules than the C or Bourne shells.     It's
     intended to be used interactively, but is great for writing scripts as
     well.

   * `recode' 3.2.4

     `recode' converts between character sets and usages.  When exact
     transliterations are not possible, it may get rid of offending
     characters or fall back on approximations.     It recognizes or produces
     more than a dozen character sets and can convert each set to almost any
     other one.     `recode' pays special attention to superimposition of
     diacritics, particularly for French.

   * `screen' 3.2b

     `screen' is a terminal multiplexor that runs several independent
     "screens" (ttys) on a single physical terminal.  Each virtual terminal
     emulates a DEC VT100 plus several ANSI X3.64 and ISO 2022 functions.
     `screen' sessions can be detached and resumed later on a different
     terminal.

   * `sed' 1.16

     `sed' is a stream-oriented version of `ed'.  It is used copiously in
     shell scripts.

   * `tar' 1.11.2

     GNU `tar' includes multivolume support, the ability to archive sparse
     files, automatic archive compression/decompression, remote archives and
     special features that allow `tar' to be used for incremental and full
     backups.  Unfortunately GNU `tar' implements an early draft of the POSIX
     1003.1 `ustar' standard which is different from the final standard.
     Adding support for the new changes in a backward-compatible fashion is
     not trivial.

   * Termcap 1.2

     The GNU Termcap library is a drop-in replacement for `libtermcap.a' on
     any system.  It does not place an arbitrary limit on the size of Termcap
     entries, unlike most other Termcap libraries.  Included is source for the
     `Termcap Manual' in Texinfo format.

   * `time' 1.4

     `time' is used to report statistics (usually from a shell) about the
     amount of user, system and real time used by a process.

   * `tput' 1.0

     `tput' is a portable way to allow shell scripts to use special terminal
     capabilities.  GNU `tput' uses the Termcap database, rather than
     Terminfo as most implementations do.

   * UUCP 1.04

     This version of UUCP was written by Ian Lance Taylor, and is the
     standard UUCP system for GNU.  It currently supports the `f', `g' (in
     all window and packet sizes), `G', `t' and `e' protocols, as well a
     Zmodem protocol and two new bidirectional protocols.  If you have a
     Berkeley sockets library, it can make TCP connections.  If you have TLI
     libraries, it can make TLI connections.

   * `wdiff' 0.4

     `wdiff' compares two files, finding which words have been deleted or
     added to the first in order to obtain the second.    We hope eventually to
     integrate it, as well as some ideas from a similar program called
     `spiff', into future releases of GNU `diff'.

   * fileutils 3.6, shellutils 1.8 and textutils 1.6

     The "fileutils" manipulate files: `chgrp', `chmod', `chown', `cp', `dd',
     `df', `du', `install', `ln', `ls', `mkdir', `mkfifo', `mknod', `mv',
     `mvdir', `rm', `rmdir' and `touch'.

     The "shellutils" are small commands used on the command line or in shell
     scripts: `basename', `date', `dirname', `echo', `env', `expr', `false',
     `groups', `id', `logname', `nice', `nohup', `pathchk', `printenv',
     `printf', `sleep', `stty', `su', `tee', `test', `true', `tty', `uname',
     `who', `whoami' and `yes'.

     The "textutils" programs manipulate textual data: `cat', `cksum', `comm',
     `csplit', `cut', `expand', `fold', `head', `join', `nl', `od', `paste',
     `pr', `sort', `split', `sum', `tac', `tail', `tr', `unexpand', `uniq' and
     `wc'.

   * Texinfo 3.1, `gzip' 1.0.7 and `make' 3.67

     See "Contents of the Emacs Tape" for a full description of these
     programs.



Contents of the Experimental Tape
---------------------------------

This tape includes software which is currently in beta test and is available
for people who are feeling adventurous.     Some of the software already has
released versions on the distribution tapes.  The contents of this tape are
transient; as the programs become stable, they will replace older versions on
other tapes.  Please send bug reports to the address in the notes for each
program on the tape.  Note that Emacs 19, in beta test, is on the Emacs tape.

   * GCC 2.4.1

     Version 2 of GCC is now reliable.    In addition to the version 1
     features, GCC 2 has instruction scheduling, loop unrolling, filling of
     delay slots, leaf function optimization, optimized multiplication by
     constants, a certain amount of common subexpression elimination (CSE)
     between basic blocks (though not all of the supported machine
     descriptions provide for scheduling or delay slots) and a feature for
     assigning attributes to instructions.  Function-wide CSE has been
     written, but needs to be cleaned up before it can be installed.
     Position-independent code is supported on the 68k, i386, Hitachi Slt,
     Hitachi H8/300, Clipper, 88k, SPARC & SPARClite.

     GCC 2 can also open-code most arithmetic on 64-bit values (type `long
     long int').  It supports extended floating point (type `long double') on
     the 68k; other machines will follow.  It can generate code for most of
     the same machines as version 1, plus the following: AMD 29000, Acorn
     RISC, DEC Alpha, Elxsi, HP-PA (700 & 800), IBM RS/6000, IBM RT/PC, Intel
     80386, Intel 960, Motorola 88000 & SPARC (running Solaris 2).  Version 2
     can generate a.out, COFF, ELF & OSF-Rose files when used with a suitable
     assembler.     It can produce debugging information in several formats: BSD
     stabs, COFF, ECOFF, ECOFF with stabs symbols & DWARF.

     Not all of the version 1 machine descriptions have been updated yet;
     some do not work, and others need work to take full advantage of
     instruction scheduling and delay slots.  The old machine descriptions
     for the Alliant, Tahoe and Spur (as well as a new port for the Tron) do
     not work, but are still included in the distribution in case someone
     wants to work on them.

     Using the new configuration scheme for GCC, building a cross-compiler is
     as easy as building a compiler for the same target machine.  Version 2
     supports more general calling conventions: it can pass arguments "by
     reference" and can preallocate the space for stack arguments.  GCC 2 on
     the SPARC uses the standard conventions for structure arguments and
     return values.

     Version 2 of the compiler supports three languages: C, C++ and Objective
     C; the source file name extension or a compiler option selects the
     language.    The front end support for Objective C was donated by NeXT.
     The runtime support needed to run Objective C programs is now
     distributed with GCC (this does not include any Objective C classes
     aside from `object').

     GNU C has been extended to support nested functions, nonlocal gotos and
     taking the address of a label.

     Texinfo source for the manual, `Using and Porting GNU CC', is included.

   * Solaris binaries for GCC 2

     Since the C compiler has been unbundled in Solaris, this tape
     temporarily contains compiled binaries of GCC for Solaris systems in
     addition to the sources.  In the future, Solaris binaries will be
     available on separate media.

   * binutils 2.2.1

     Version 2 of the binutils have been completely rewritten to use the BFD
     library (see "Project GNU Status Report").     This version has been tested
     on only a few architectures including Sun-3 and Sun-4 running SunOS 4.1,
     and SONY News running NewsOS 3.

     This version has not been ported to as many machines as the old
     binutils.    Some features of the old versions are missing.    We would
     appreciate clean, easy to integrate patches to make things run on other
     machines; especially welcome are fixes for what used to work in the old
     versions.

   * GAS 2.1.1

     Version 2 of the GNU assembler has been rewritten to use the BFD library
     (see "Project GNU Status Report").     It supports these systems, though
     not all have been thoroughly tested: SPARC (SunOS 4 & Solaris 2), i386,
     m68k, MIPS (Ultrix, Irix), Hitachi H8/500 & VAX (VMS).

   * GNU C Library 1.06

     The library supports ANSI C-1989 and POSIX 1003.1-1990 and has most of
     the functions specified in POSIX 1003.2 draft 11.2.  It is upward
     compatible with 4.4 BSD and includes many System V functions, plus GNU
     extensions.

     Version 1.06 uses a standard GNU `configure' script and runs on Sun-3
     (SunOS 4.1), Sun-4 (SunOS 4.1 & Solaris 2), HP 9000/300 & SONY News 800
     (4.3 BSD), MIPS DECstation (Ultrix 4), i386/i486 (System V, SVR4, BSD,
     386BSD, NetBSD, SCO 3.2 & SCO ODT 2.0) & Sequent Symmetry i386 (Dynix
     3).  Source for the new `GNU C Library Reference Manual' is included.

   * libg++ 2.3

     This is the GNU C++ library for GCC version 2 (see "Contents of
     Languages Tape" for more info regarding libg++).  The latest version
     tries to configure itself automatically, thus working out of the box on
     many hosts.  Recent changes include portability enhancements, some use
     of templates and converting the iostream classes to use multiple
     inheritance.  Partial documentation in Texinfo format is included (not
     yet published on paper).

   * GNU Graphics 0.17

     GNU Graphics is a set of programs which produce plots from ASCII or
     binary data.  It supports output to Tektronix 4010, Postscript and the X
     Window System or compatible devices.  Improvements in this version
     include a revised manual (not yet printed on paper); new features in
     `graph', `xplot' and `plot2ps'; support for output in ln03 and TekniCAD
     TDA file formats; a replacement for the `spline' program; examples of
     shell scripts using `graph' and `plot'; the addition of a statistics
     toolkit; and the use of `configure' for installation.

     Existing ports need retesting.  Contact Rich Murphey, `[e-mail]',
     if you can help test/port it to anything beyond a SPARCstation.

   * Oleo 1.4

     Oleo is a spreadsheet program, that is better for you than the more
     expensive spreadsheets.  It supports the X Window System and
     character-based terminals, and can output Embedded Postscript renditions
     of spreadsheets.  Keybindings should be familiar to Emacs users and are
     configurable.  Under X and in Postscript output, Oleo supports multiple,
     variable width fonts.



Contents of the X11 Tapes
-------------------------

The two X11 tapes contain Version 11, Release 5 of the MIT X Window System.
The first FSF tape contains all of the core software, documentation and some
contributed clients.  We call this the "required" X tape since it is
necessary for running X or running GNU Emacs under X.  The second,
"optional", FSF tape contains contributed libraries and other toolkits, the
Andrew User Interface System, games and other programs.

The X11 Required tape also contains all fixes and patches released to date.
We update this tape as new fizes and patches are released.



Berkeley Networking 2 Tape
--------------------------

The Berkeley "Net2" release contains the second 4.3 BSD distribution and is
newer than both 4.3 BSD-Tahoe and 4.3 BSD-Reno.     It includes most of the BSD
software system except for a few utilities, some parts of the kernel and some
library routines which your own C library is likely to provide (we have
replacements on other tapes for many of the missing programs).    This release
also contains third party software including Kerberos and some GNU software.



VMS Emacs and Compiler Tapes
----------------------------

We offer two VMS tapes.     One has just the GNU Emacs editor.  The other has
the GNU C compiler, Bison (to compile GCC), GAS (to assemble GCC's output)
and some library and include files.  We are not aware of a GDB port for VMS.
Both VMS tapes have executables from which you can bootstrap, as the DEC VMS
C compiler cannot compile GCC.    Please do not ask us to devote effort to VMS
support, because it is peripheral to the GNU Project.



Tape Subscription Service
*************************

The FSF has a tape subscription service.  If you do not have net access, the
subscription service enables you to stay current with the latest FSF
developments.  For a one-time cost equivalent to three tapes, we will mail
you four new versions of the tape of your choice over the course of the next
year.

Every quarter, we will send you a new version of an Emacs, Languages,
Utilities, Experimental or MIT X Window System Required tape.  The BSD Net-2,
MIT Scheme and the MIT X Window System Optional tapes are not changed often
enough to warrant quarterly updates.

Since Emacs 19 is now on the Emacs Tape, a subscription will be a convenient
way to keep current with Emacs 19 updates as it moves through beta-test.

A subscription is also an easy way to keep up with the regular bug fixes to
the MIT X Window System.  We update the X11 Required tape, as fixes and
patches for the X Window System are issued throughout the year.

See section "Subscriptions" in the "Free Software Foundation Order Form".



How to Get GNU Software
***********************

All the software and publications from Free Software Foundation are
distributed with permission to copy and redistribute.  The easiest way to get
GNU software is to copy it from someone else who has it.

You can get GNU software direct from the FSF by ordering diskettes, a tape or
a CD-ROM.  Such orders provide most of the funds for the FSF staff, so please
support us by ordering if you can.  See the "Free Software Foundation Order
Form".

There are also third party groups who distribute our software; they do not
work with us, but can provide our software in other forms.  For your
convenience we list some of them; see "Free Software for Microcomputers".
Please note that the Free Software Foundation is *not* affiliated with them
in any way and is responsible for neither the currency of their versions nor
the swiftness of their responses.

If you have Internet access and cannot access one of the hosts below, you can
get the software via anonymous FTP from GNU's distribution host
`prep.ai.mit.edu' (the IP address is `18.71.0.38').  For more information,
get file `/pub/gnu/GETTING.GNU.SOFTWARE'.  `prep' is a very busy host and
only allows a limited number of FTP logins at any given time.  Please use
another machine, if at all possible.

These TCP/IP Internet sites provide GNU software via anonymous FTP (program:
`ftp', user: `anonymous', password: YOUR E-MAIL ADDRESS, mode: `binary').
Please try them before `prep.ai.mit.edu'.

   * Australasia: `archie.oz.au' (`archie.oz' for ACSnet),
     `cair.kaist.ac.kr', `utsun.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp', `ftp.cs.titech.ac.jp'.

   * Europe: `ugle.unit.no', `ftp.stacken.kth.se', `isy.liu.se',
     `ftp.luth.se', `unix.hensa.ac.uk', `ftp.mcc.ac.uk',
     `ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de', `ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de',
     `ftp.denet.dk', `ftp.eunet.ch', `nic.switch.ch',
     `nic.funet.fi', `ftp.win.tue.nl', `irisa.irisa.fr'
     `grasp1.univ-lyon1.fr', `archive.eu.net'.

   * USA: `labrea.stanford.edu', `jaguar.cs.utah.edu', `ftp.kpc.com',
     `ftp.cs.widener.edu', `ftp.cs.columbia.edu', `uxc.cso.uiuc.edu',
     `col.hp.com', `wuarchive.wustl.edu', `gatekeeper.dec.com',
     `cc.utah.edu' (VMS GNU Emacs), `mango.rsmas.miami.edu' (VMS GCC),
     `ftp.uu.net' (under `/packages/gnu').

Those on JANET can look under `src.doc.ic.ac.uk' in `/gnu'.

You can get some GNU programs via UUCP.     Ohio State University posts their
UUCP instructions regularly to newsgroup `comp.sources.d' on USENET.  These
people will send you UUCP instructions via electronic mail:

     hao!scicom!qetzal!upba!ugn!nepa!denny, uunet!hutch!barber,
     [e-mail] (Europe), [e-mail], acornrc!bob,
     [e-mail] (Japan), [e-mail], [e-mail]

For those without Internet access, see the section "Free Software Support"
for information on getting electronic mail and file transfer via UUCP.



GNU Source Code CD-ROM
**********************

The Free Software Foundation has produced its second CD-ROM.  This CD-ROM
contains sources for all of the programs on the Emacs, Languages, Utilities,
Experimental, and the MIT X Required and Optional tapes.  In addition, the
CD-ROM contains the sources for MULE 0.9.7 (see "Free Software and GNU in
Japan"); some packages ported to Intel 80386 and 80486-based machines running
MS-DOS: Demacs, DJGPP 2.4 and MIT Scheme 7.2; and a snapshot of the Emacs Lisp
Archive at Ohio State University.  (You can get libraries in this archive by
UUCP (ask `[e-mail]' for directions) or by anonymous FTP from
`archive.cis.ohio-state.edu' in `/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive'.)

The CD-ROM does *not* contain the contents of the MIT Scheme, VMS or Net2
tapes.

The version numbers of the software on the CD-ROM correspond to the version
numbers listed in "GNU Software Available Now".

The CD-ROM is in ISO 9660 format and can be mounted as a read-only file
system on most operating systems.  If your driver supports it you can mount
the CD-ROM with "Rock Ridge" extensions and it will look just like an
ordinary Unix file system, rather than one full of truncated and otherwise
mangled names that fit the vanilla ISO 9660 specifications.

You can build most of this software without needing to copy the sources off
the CD.     It requires only enough free disk space for the object files and the
intermediate build targets.  Except for the GCC binaries for SPARCstations
running Solaris 2.0 and the MS-DOS binaries, there are no precompiled
programs on this CD.  You will need a C compiler (programs which need some
other interpreter or compiler normally provide the C source for a
bootstrapping program).

The CD costs $400 if you are buying it for a business or other organization,
or $100 if you are buying it for yourself.

   * What do the individual and company prices mean?

     The software on our disk is free; anyone can copy it and anyone can run
     it.  What we charge for is the physical disk and the service of
     distribution.

     We charge two different prices depending on who is buying.     When a
     company or other organization buys the disk, we charge $400.  When an
     individual buys the same disk, we charge just $100.

     You, the reader, are certainly an individual, not a company.  If you are
     buying a disk "in person", then you are probably doing so as an
     individual.  But if you expect to be reimbursed by your employer, then
     the disk is really for the company, so please pay the company price and
     get reimbursed for the company price.  We won't try to check up on
     you-we use the honor system-so please cooperate.

     Buying CDs at the company price is especially helpful for the GNU
     project; just 80 CDs at the company price will support an FSF programmer
     or tech writer for a year.

   * Why is there an individual price?

     In the past, our distribution tapes have been ordered mainly by
     companies.     The CD at the price of $400 provides them with all of our
     software for a much lower price than they would previously have paid for
     six different tapes.  To lower the price further would cut into the
     FSF's funds very badly.

     However, for individuals, $400 is too high a price; hardly anyone could
     afford that.  So we decided to make CDs available to individuals at the
     lower price of $100, but not do the same for companies.



The Deluxe Distribution
***********************

The Free Software Foundation has been repeatedly asked to create a package
that provides executables for all of our software.  Usually we offer only
sources.  In addition to providing binaries with the source code, the Deluxe
Distribution includes copies of all our printed manuals and reference cards.

The FSF Deluxe Distribution contains the binaries and sources to hundreds of
different programs including GNU Emacs, the GNU C Compiler, the GNU Debugger,
the complete MIT X Window System and the GNU utilities.

You may choose one of these machines and operating systems: HP 9000 series
200, 300, 700 or 800 (4.3 BSD or HP-UX); RS/6000 (AIX); SONY News 68k (4.3 BSD
or NewsOS 4); Sun-3, Sun-4 or SPARC (SunOS 4 or Solaris).  If your machine or
system is not listed, or if a specific program has not been ported to that
machine, please call the FSF office at the phone number below or send e-mail
to `[e-mail]'.

We will supply the software on one of these media in Unix tar format: 1600 or
6250 bpi, 1/2 inch, reel to reel tape; Sun DC300XLP 1/4 inch cartridge,
QIC-24; HP 16 track DC600HC 1/4 inch cartridge; IBM RS/6000 1/4 inch
cartridge, QIC-150; Exabyte 8mm tape.  If your computer cannot read any of
these, please call us.

The manuals included are one each of the Bison, Calc, Gawk, GNU C Compiler,
GNU C Library, GNU Debugger, Flex, GNU Emacs Lisp Reference, Make, Texinfo
and Termcap manuals; six copies of the manual for GNU Emacs; and a packet of
reference cards each for GNU Emacs, Calc, the GNU Debugger, Bison and Flex.

In addition to the printed and on-line documentation, every Deluxe
Distribution includes a CD-ROM (in ISO 9660 format with Rock Ridge
extensions) that contains sources of our software.

The Deluxe Distribution costs $5000.  This package is for people who want to
get everything compiled for them or who want to make a purchase that helps the
FSF in a large way.  To order the package, please fill out the "Free Software
Foundation Order Form", and send it to:

    Free Software Foundation, Inc.
    675 Massachusetts Avenue
    Cambridge, MA    02139-3309
    USA
    Phone: [phone]
    Electronic mail: [e-mail]



MS-DOS Distribution
*******************

FSF distributes, on 3.5 inch 1.44MB diskettes, some of the GNU software that
has been ported to MS-DOS.  The disks have both sources and executables.



Contents of the Demacs diskettes
--------------------------------

Demacs is a version of GNU Emacs 18.55 ported to MS-DOS, with some changes
from Emacs 18.57.  Two versions are actually included-one which handles
8-bit character sets, and one, based on Nemacs, which handles 16-bit
character sets, including Kanji.  FSF distributes it on five diskettes.

Demacs runs on Intel 80386 and 80486-based machines running MS-DOS.  It is
compatible with XMS memory managers and VCPI, but not with Microsoft Windows
extended mode or other DPMI managers.



Contents of the DJGPP diskettes
-------------------------------

DJGPP is a complete port of GCC, libraries, development utilities and a
symbolic debugger, for Intel 80386 and 80486-based machines running MS-DOS.
FSF distributes it on four diskettes.

DJGPP requires at least 5MB of hard disk space to install, and 512K of RAM to
use.  It is compatible with XMS memory managers and VCPI, but not with
Microsoft Windows extended mode or other DPMI managers.     It cannot emulate
multitasking (e.g. the Unix `fork' system call) or signals.



Contents of the Selected Utilities diskettes
--------------------------------------------

The GNUish MS-DOS Project releases GNU software ported to PC compatibles.  In
general, this software will run on 8086 and 80286-based machines; an 80386 is
not required.  Some of these utilities are necessarily missing features.  FSF
distributes it on a set of diskettes.

We are distributing these utilities, both source and executables: RCS,
`flex', GAWK, `cpio', `diff', MicroEmacs, `find', some file utilities,
`gdbm', `grep', libc, `ptx', `indent', `less', `m4', `make', `sed', `shar',
`sort' and Texinfo.



Contents of the Windows diskette
--------------------------------

We are distributing versions of GNU Chess and `gnuplot' ported to Microsoft
Windows, on a single diskette, containing both source and executables.



Free Software for Microcomputers
********************************

We do not provide support for GNU software on microcomputers because it is
peripheral to the GNU Project.    However, we are distributing a few such
programs on tape, CD-ROM and diskette.    We are also willing to publish
information about groups who do support and maintain them.  If you are aware
of any such efforts, please send the details, including postal addresses,
archive sites and mailing lists, to either address on the front cover.

See "MS-DOS Distribution" for more information about microcomputer software
available from the FSF.     Please do not ask us about any other software.     The
FSF does *not* maintain any of it and has *no* additional information.

   * GNU Software *not* on Apple computers

     In lawsuits, Apple claims the power to stop people from writing any
     program that has a user interface that works even vaguely like the
     Macintosh's.  If Apple wins in the courts, it will create for itself a
     new power over the public that will enable it to put an end to free
     software.    So long as Apple is committed to establishing this kind of
     monopoly, we will not provide any support or software for Apple
     machines.    We ask that you too refrain from developing for or porting to
     Apple systems, since any more software adds to their business.  Don't
     feed the lawyer that bites you!

   * Boston Computer Society

     The BCS has thousands of shareware and free programs for microcomputers,
     including some GNU programs.  Contact them to see what is available for
     your machine:

         Boston Computer Society
         1 Kendall Square, Bldg 1400,
         Cambridge, MA   02139
         USA
         Phone: [phone]

   * GNU Software on the Amiga

     Get Amiga ports of many GNU programs using anonymous FTP from host
     `ftp.funet.fi' in `/pub/amiga/gnu' (Europe).

     For info on (or offers to help with) the GCC port and related projects,
     ask Leonard Norrgard, `[e-mail]'.  For info on the GNU Emacs
     port, ask David Gay, `[e-mail]', or Mark D. Henning,
     `[e-mail]'.  You can get more info via anonymous FTP in
     `prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/MicrosPorts/Amiga'.

   * GNU Software for Atari TOS and Atari Minix

     Get Atari ports by anonymous FTP from `atari.archive.umich.edu'
     (maintained by Howard Chu, `[e-mail]').  Ports are
     discussed on USENET in newsgroups `comp.sys.atari.st.tech' &
     `comp.sys.atari.st'.

   * GNU C/C++ 2.2.2 for OS/2 2.0

     Michael Johnson has completed a new, completely stand-alone port of the
     GNU C/C++ Version 2.2.2 compiler for OS/2 2.0.  It has the C/C++
     compilers, the GNU assembler, documentation & both OS/2-specific and the
     BSD C libraries.  You can get it from host `hobbes.nmsu.edu' in file
     `/pub/os2/2.0/programming/gcc2-222' by FTP.  To join the mailing list,
     send a message to `[e-mail]'.

   * Linux: a free Unix system for 386 machines

     Linux (named after its author, Linus Torvalds, and Minix) is a free Unix
     clone which implements a subset of System V and POSIX functionality.
     Linux has been written from scratch and does not contain any proprietary
     code.  Many of the utilities and libraries are GNU Project software.
     Linux runs only on 386/486 AT-bus (and some EISA-bus) machines.  Porting
     to non-Intel architectures is hard because the kernel makes extensive
     use of 386 memory management and task primitives.    Linux is freely
     distributable and available via anonymous FTP: `tsx-11.mit.edu' in
     `/pub/linux' (USA), `nic.funet.fi' in `/pub/OS/Linux' (Europe).  Ask
     `[e-mail]' about their mailing lists.  See
     USENET newsgroup `comp.os.linux' for Linux discussions.

   * Free 386BSD

     William F. Jolitz et al. have written a 386 port of BSD Unix.  This
     kernel is said to be free of AT&T code and is freely redistributable.
     You can obtain more information from `[e-mail]'.  This
     is the result of the work described in the Dr. Dobb's Journal series on
     386BSD.

   * Free NetBSD

     Chris Demetriou and friends have released another flavour of Unix for
     386 machines.  NetBSD is based on 386BSD 0.1, but also contains code
     from the Berkeley Networking 2 distribution, some original code from the
     NetBSD team and many bug fixes.  Anonymous FTP the NetBSD 0.8
     distribution from `agate.berkeley.edu' in `/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-0.8'.  For
     more info, contact `[e-mail]'.

   * DJGPP, the GNU C/C++ compiler for MS-DOS

     D. J. Delorie has ported GCC/G++ 2.4 to the 386 MS-DOS platform.  The
     compiler and programs it generates run in 32-bit mode with full virtual
     memory support.  DJGPP is available via FTP from `ftp.clarkson.edu' in
     `/pub/msdos/djgpp'.  You can subscribe to a mailing list on DJGPP by
     sending your e-mail address to `[e-mail]'.

     The FSF is distributing DJGPP both on floppies and CD (see "MS-DOS
     Distribution" and "GNU Source Code CD-ROM").

   * Demacs, GNU Emacs for MS-DOS

     Manabu Higashida and Hirano Satoshi have released Demacs, a GNU Emacs
     port for 386/486 MS-DOS.  Version 1.2.0 is the first post-beta release.
     Demacs provides several DOS-specific features: support for binary or
     text file translation, "8 bit clean" display mode, 80x86 software
     interrupt calls via an `int86' Lisp function, machine-specific features
     such as function key support, file name completion with drive name,
     child processes (`suspend-emacs' and `call-process').  Dired mode works
     without `ls.exe'.    Anonymous FTP it from: `wuarchive.wustl.edu' in
     `/mirrors/msdos/demacs', `utsun.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp' in `/GNU/demacs'
     (Japan), and `ftp.funet.fi' in `/pub/gnu/emacs/demacs' (Europe).

     The FSF is distributing Demacs both on floppies and CD (see "MS-DOS
     Distribution" and "GNU Source Code CD-ROM").

   * Freemacs, an Extensible Editor for MS-DOS

     Russ Nelson, `[e-mail]', has written a small programmable
     editor called Freemacs.  It is compatible enough with GNU Emacs that
     Freemacs users can use the `GNU Emacs Manual' as a reference for it.  It
     will run on most MS-DOS systems, including 8088 machines.

     Anonymous FTP it from `emacs16a.zip' (under `PD1:<MSDOS.FREEMACS>') from
     `wsmr-simtel20.army.mil'; or send $15 (copying fee) to:

         Russ Nelson
         11 Grant St.
         Potsdam, NY  13676
         USA
         Phone: [phone] (Fax: 9201)

     Specify floppy format: `5.25"/360K' or `3.50"/720K'.

   * GNU Software on MS-DOS

     Russ Nelson has MS-DOS ports of many GNU programs available on floppy
     disk.  Contact him at the above address for more information.

     You can ask `[e-mail]' about MS-DOS
     ports of GNU programs and related mailing lists.  Or anonymous FTP files
     `/pub/gnu/MicrosPorts/MSDOS*' on `prep.ai.mit.edu'.

     The FSF is distributing MS-DOS ports of many GNU programs on both on
     floppies and CD (see "MS-DOS Distribution" and "GNU Source Code CD-ROM").



FSF T-shirt
***********

We still have our Free Software Foundation T-shirts available, designed by
Cambridge artist Jamal Hannah.    The front of the t-shirt has an image of a
GNU hacking at a workstation with the text "GNU's Not Unix" above and the
text "Free Software Foundation" below.    They are available in two colors,
Natural and Black.  Natural is an off-white, unbleached, undyed,
environment-friendly cotton, printed with black ink, and is great for
tye-dyeing or displaying as is.     Black is printed with white ink and is
perfect for late night hacking.     All shirts are thick 100% cotton, and are
available in sizes M, L, XL and XXL.

Use the "Free Software Foundation Order Form" to order your shirt, and
consider getting one as a present for your favorite hacker!



     *Work for something because it is good, not just because it stands a
     chance to succeed.*

                 -Vaclav Havel



Thank GNUs
**********

Thanks to all those mentioned above in "Informal ``GCC Consortium''", "GNUs
Flashes", "Project GNU Status Report", "GNU in Japan" and "GNU Software
Available Now".

Thanks to the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and the Laboratory for
Computer Science at MIT for their invaluable assistance.

Thanks to the Max-Plack-Institut fuer Informatik Im Stadtwald for buying our
Deluxe Distribution package.

Thanks are due to the following people for their assistance in Japan:
Nobuyuki Hikichi & Mieko Hikichi, Ken'ichi Handa, Dr. Ikuo Takeuchi, Bob
Myers, David Littleboy, Mike Kandall, Prof. Masayuki Ida, SEA & Japan Unix
Society, Michio Nagashima & Paul Abramson.  Thanks to Village Center, Inc.,
ASCII Corporation, A.I. Soft and many others in Japan, for their continued
donations and support.

Thanks again to the USENIX Association for letting us have a table at their
conference; to the Open Software Foundation for their continued support; and
to Cygnus Support for assisting Project GNU in many ways.

Thanks to Wired Magazine and Barry Meikle of the University of Toronto
Bookstore for donating us ad space in their separate publications.

Thanks to Warren A. Hunt, Jr. and Computational Logic, Inc. for their
donation and support.

Jim Blandy thanks Jamie Zawinski for his implementation of some of the
X-related features in Emacs 19.

Thanks go out to all those who have either lent or donated machines,
including Cygnus Support for a Sun SPARCstation; Hewlett-Packard for two
80486, six 68030 and four Spectrum computers; Brewster Kahle of Thinking
Machines Corp. for a Sun-4/110; CMU's Mach Project for a Sun-3/60;
Intel Corp. for their 386 machine; NeXT for their workstation; the MIT Media
Laboratory for a Hewlett-Packard 68020; SONY Corp. and Software Research
Associates, Inc., both of Tokyo, for three SONY News workstations; IBM Corp.
for an RS/6000; the MIT Laboratory of Computer Science for the DEC MicroVAX;
the Open Software Foundation for the Compaq 386; Delta Microsystems for an
Exabyte tape drive; an anonymous donor for 5 IBM RT/PCs; Liant Software Corp.
for five VT100s; Jerry Peek for a 386 machine; NCD Corporation for an X
terminal; and Interleaf, Inc., Veronika Caslavsky, Paul English,
Cindy Woolworth and Lisa Bergen for the loan of a scanner.

Thanks to all those who have contributed ports and extensions, as well as
those who have contributed other source code, documentation and good bug
reports.

Thanks to all those who sent money and offered help.

Thanks also to all those who support us by ordering manuals, distribution
tapes, diskettes and CD-ROMs.

The creation of this bulletin is our way of thanking all who have expressed
interest in what we are doing.



Free Software Foundation Order Form
***********************************

Price and contents may change without notice after January 31, 1994.  All
items are distributed with permission to copy and to redistribute.  Texinfo
source for each manual (and source for each reference card) is on the
appropriate tape, diskette or CD-ROM; the prices for these magnetic media do
not include printed manuals or reference cards.     All items are provided on an
"as is" basis, with no warranty of any kind.  Please allow six weeks for
delivery (though it won't usually take that long).


      PRICE AND CONTENTS MAY CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE AFTER January 31, 1994.

The following tapes in the formats indicated (see "GNU Software Available
Now" for contents of the tapes):

             Please circle the dollar amount for each tape you order.

            Reel to      Sun (1)    HP          IBM (2)    Exabyte
            reel                  RS/6000
(c.t. = cartridge tape) Unix tar  Unix tar  Unix tar  Unix tar    Unix tar
(n/a = not available)    9-track      QIC-24    16-track  QIC-150
            1600 bpi  DC300XLP  DC600HC   DC600A
Tape contents above.    1/2" reel 1/4" c.t. 1/4" c.t. 1/4" c.t. 8mm c.t.

Emacs            $200      $210        $230      $215 (3)    $205
Languages        $200      $210        $230       n/a    $205
Experimental        $200      $210        $230      $215    $205
Utilities        $200      $210        $230      $215    $205
BSD-Net2        $200      $210        $230      $215    $205
Scheme            $200      $210        $230      $215    $205
X11r5-Required        $200      $210        $230      $215    $205
X11r5-Optional        $200      $210        $230      $215    $205

     (1) Sun tapes can be read on some other Unix systems.
     (2) IBM RS/6000 tapes can be read on some other Unix systems.
     (3) The IBM Emacs tape also has binaries for GNU Emacs.


Subscriptions, 4 updates for one year:

FSF's Subscription Service provides four new versions of the tape of your
choice.     It is offered only for tapes that change frequently (see "Tape
Subscription Service").

Emacs            $600      $630        $690      $645    $615
Languages        $600      $630        $690       n/a    $615
Experimental        $600      $630        $690      $645    $615
Utilities        $600      $630        $690      $645    $615
X11r5-Required        $600      $630        $690      $645    $615

      Subtotal $ ______     Please put total of the above circled amounts here.


The following, on 1600 bpi reel-to-reel 9 track 1/2" tapes, in VMS BACKUP
format (aka interchange format):

____ @ $195  = $ ______      VMS Emacs, GNU Emacs source & executables only.
              None of the other software on the GNU Emacs Tape,
              described above, is included
____ @ $195  = $ ______      VMS Languages, GCC, GAS, and Bison source and
              executables only.  None of the other software on the
              GNU Languages Tape, described above, is included.

FSF Deluxe Distribution (see "Deluxe Distribution" and end of order form):

____ @ $5000 = $ ______      Deluxe Distribution, with manuals, reference cards,
              source code and executables.

The following source and executables for MS-DOS, on 3.5" 1.44MB diskettes (see
``MS-DOS Distribution''):

____ @ $ 90  = $ ______      Demacs (a port of GNU Emacs) on diskettes, for 80386
              and up.  Two versions are included.  One handles
              8-bit characters sets.  The other, based on Nemacs,
              handles 16-bit character sets, including Kanji.
____ @ $ 80  = $ ______      DJGPP on diskettes, GCC version 2, for 80386
              and up.  DJGPP is a complete port of GCC, libraries,
              development utilities, and a symbolic debugger, for
              Intel 80386 and 80486-based machines running
              MS-DOS.  DJGPP requires at least 5MB of hard disk
              space to install, and 512K of RAM to use.  It is
              compatible with XMS memory managers and VCPI, but
              not with Microsoft Windows extended mode or other
              DPMI managers.  It cannot emulate multitasking (e.g.
              fork) or signals.
____ @ $ 85  = $ ______      Selected Utilities from the GNUish MS-DOS Project on
              diskettes, 8086 and up.  The utilities include:
              RCS, flex, GAWK, cpio, diff, MicroEmacs, find,
              some file utilities, gdbm, grep, libc, ptx,
              indent, less, m4, make, sed, shar, sort, and
              Texinfo.  Some of these utilities are necessarily
              missing features.
____ @ $ 40  = $ ______      Windows diskette, GNU Chess and gnuplot for
              Microsoft Windows.

CD-ROM, in ISO 9660 format (see "GNU Source Code CD-ROM"):

____ @ $400  = $ ______      GNU Source Code CD-ROM for corporations and
              other organizations.
____ @ $100  = $ ______      GNU Source Code CD-ROM for individuals.


The following manuals, 6 by 9.25 inches, soft cover with an illustration,
offset printed, "lay-flat" binding (see "GNU Documentation"):

   *** NEW !!! ***

____ @ $ 25  = $ ______      GNU Emacs manual, unit price for 1 to 5 copies,
              430 pages, new 8th edition with a reference card.
____ @ $ 17  = $ ______      GNU Emacs manuals, unit price for 6 or more.

____ @ $ 50  = $ ______      GNU Emacs Lisp Reference manual, 614 pages in
              2 volumes.
____ @ $200  = $ ______      A box of 5 GNU Emacs Lisp Reference manuals.

____ @ $ 20  = $ ______      Debugging with GDB, 182 pages, with a reference
              card.
____ @ $ 20  = $ ______      Texinfo manual, 248 pages.  Texinfo is GNU's
              structured documentation system, included with GNU
              Emacs.  Texinfo is used to produce both on-line and
              printed documents.  This manual describes how to
              write Texinfo documents.
____ @ $ 20  = $ ______      Gawk manual, 191 pages.

____ @ $ 20  = $ ______      Make manual, 164 pages.

____ @ $ 15  = $ ______      Bison manual, 98 pages, with a reference card.

____ @ $ 15  = $ ______      Flex manual, 120 pages, with a reference card.


The following manual, 6 by 9.25 inches, soft cover, photocopied, GBC binding:

____ @ $ 15  = $ ______      Termcap manual, 68 pages.  Documents the termcap
              library and GNU's extensions to it.  The GNU termcap
              library is included with GNU Emacs.

The following manuals, 8.5 by 11 inches, soft cover, photocopied, GBC binding:

____ @ $ 50  = $ ______      Using and Porting GNU CC version 2.4, 388 pages.

____ @ $ 20  = $ ______      Using and Porting GNU CC version 1.42, 206 pages.

  *** NEW !!! ***

____ @ $ 50  = $ ______      GNU C Library Reference Manual, 698 pages. NEW!

____ @ $ 50  = $ ______      GNU Emacs Calc manual, 596 pages, with a reference
              card.     Calc is an extensible, advanced mathematical
              tool and desk calculator that runs under GNU Emacs.

The following reference cards, unit price, without the manuals:

____ @ $  2  = $ ______      GNU Emacs reference card - version 18.

____ @ $  2  = $ ______      GNU Emacs reference card - version 19.

____ @ $  2  = $ ______      GNU Emacs Calc reference card.

____ @ $  2  = $ ______      GDB reference card.

____ @ $  2  = $ ______      Bison reference card.

____ @ $  2  = $ ______      Flex reference card.


The following reference cards, in packets of ten:

____ @ $ 10  = $ ______      GNU Emacs reference cards - version 18.

____ @ $ 10  = $ ______      GNU Emacs reference cards - version 19.

____ @ $ 10  = $ ______      GNU Emacs Calc reference cards.

____ @ $ 10  = $ ______      GDB reference cards.

____ @ $ 10  = $ ______      Bison reference cards.

____ @ $ 10  = $ ______      Flex reference cards.


GNU/FSF T-shirts, thick 100% cotton:

The front of the t-shirt has an image of a GNU hacking at a workstation with
the text "GNU's Not Unix" above and the text "Free Software Foundation below.
Natural is an off-white, unbleached, undyed, environment-friendly cotton,
printed with black ink.     Black is printed with white ink (see "Announcing FSF
T-shirts").

____ @ $ 15  = $ ______      Size M     ____ natural  ____ black.

____ @ $ 15  = $ ______      Size L     ____ natural  ____ black.

____ @ $ 15  = $ ______      Size XL    ____ natural  ____ black.

____ @ $ 15  = $ ______      Size XXL   ____ natural  ____ black.
         ------

      Subtotal $ ______

         + $ ______      In  Massachusetts:  add 5% sales tax, or give tax
              exempt number.
         + $ ______      In Alaska, Hawaii, or Puerto Rico for shipping:
              for GNU Emacs Lisp Reference and GNU Emacs Calc
              manuals, add $5 each, or $20 per box.     For all other
              items, add $5 base charge, then $1 per item except
              reference cards; i.e.,
              shipping for all other items = $5 + $1 * n.
         + $ ______      Outside of U.S., Canada, and Puerto Rico for
              shipping: for each box of GNU Emacs Lisp Reference
              manuals, add $60.  For all other items, add $20 base
              charge, and then add $10 more for each item (except
              reference cards) in the order; i.e.,
              shipping for all other items = $20 + $10 * n.
         + $ ______      Optional (tax-deductible in the U.S.) donation.
         ------

     TOTAL $ ______      We pay for shipping via UPS ground transportation in
              the contiguous 48 states and Canada.

Orders filled only upon receipt of check or money order in U.S. dollars.
We do not have the staff to handle the billing of unpaid orders.
Please help keep our lives simple by including your payment with your order.


Please make checks payable to the Free Software Foundation.


Name: ________________________________________________________________________

Mail Stop/Dept. Name: ________________________________________________________

Organization: ________________________________________________________________

Street Address: ______________________________________________________________

City/State/Province: _________________________________________________________

Zip Code/Postal Code/Country: ________________________________________________

Telephone number in case of a problem with your order.
Overseas orders, please put FAX numbers. _____________________________________

For orders from outside the U.S.: Orders must be paid in U.S. dollars. You
are responsible for paying all duties, tariffs, and taxes.  If you refuse
to pay the charges, the shipper will return or abandon the order.


For Deluxe Distributions:


Machine: _____________________________________________________________________

Operating system: ____________________________________________________________

Media type: __________________________________________________________________

             Please mail orders to: Free Software Foundation
                        675 Massachusetts Avenue
PRICES AND CONTENTS MAY CHANGE            Cambridge, MA  02139  USA
WITHOUT NOTICE AFTER January 31, 1994.        [phone]

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     Free Software Foundation, Inc.            | stamp |
     675 Massachusetts Avenue                |        |
     Cambridge, MA  02139-3309                | here  |
     USA                        |        |
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enjoy -len

Member of the League for Programming Freedom.
Ask <[e-mail]> via e-mail for information.